Applying city branding models to Accra: toward strategic narratives for a global African city
摘要
This paper investigates the role of city branding as a strategic tool in the development of African urban centers, using Accra, Ghana, as a focal point. Grounded in Hankinson’s Relational Network Model and Herstein’s Country–City–Region Branding Matrix, the study evaluates how Accra might craft a unique and competitive urban identity within the country’s multicultural fabric. Through an analysis of secondary data, the research uncovers promising pathways in cultural heritage, diaspora engagement, and sustainable development. Nonetheless, it also identifies key limitations, such as disjointed governance structures, insufficient stakeholder collaboration, and a lack of unified brand architecture. By drawing parallels with branding experiences in Seoul, Barcelona, and Cape Town, the study illustrates how successful urban branding efforts are often built on inclusive governance, intentional storytelling, and cultural capital. The paper ends with policy-oriented recommendations for embedding branding practices into Accra’s urban planning agenda, arguing for a contextually grounded, stakeholder-led model that enhances Accra’s international visibility while supporting Ghana’s broader identity ambitions.