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<p>Bioelectronic interfaces aim to seamlessly connect biological systems with electronics, enabling real-time monitoring and modulation of physiological activity. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer operation relying on mixed ionic–electronic conduction suitable for multimodal biosensing, yet integrating chemical detection, electrophysiology and on-device processing within a single architecture has remained elusive. Here we introduce a monolithically fabricated, flexible OECT array that functions as a multimodal sensing platform. By combining electrolyte-specific regions across the array, we achieve dual-scale dopamine detection across physiological concentrations with picomolar sensitivity, high-bandwidth electroencephalography recording enabled by ion–gel gating, and hydrogel-gated neuromorphic computation capable of classifying seizure activity with 87.8% accuracy, comparable to inorganic neuromorphic hardware. This multifunctional integration demonstrates that a single organic semiconductor can support chemical sensing, signal amplification and on-device computation, extending OECTs beyond single-function electronics. This platform establishes a pathway towards compact, intelligent biointerface sensing systems for continuous monitoring and real-time signal interpretation.</p>

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Monolithic design of an organic electrochemical transistor array for multimodal bioelectronic interfacing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Yizhou Zhong,
  • Wentao Shan,
  • Yazhou Wang,
  • Haya Aldosari,
  • Danilo Arcangeli,
  • Naroa Lopez-Larrea,
  • David Mecerreyes,
  • Sahika Inal

摘要

Bioelectronic interfaces aim to seamlessly connect biological systems with electronics, enabling real-time monitoring and modulation of physiological activity. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer operation relying on mixed ionic–electronic conduction suitable for multimodal biosensing, yet integrating chemical detection, electrophysiology and on-device processing within a single architecture has remained elusive. Here we introduce a monolithically fabricated, flexible OECT array that functions as a multimodal sensing platform. By combining electrolyte-specific regions across the array, we achieve dual-scale dopamine detection across physiological concentrations with picomolar sensitivity, high-bandwidth electroencephalography recording enabled by ion–gel gating, and hydrogel-gated neuromorphic computation capable of classifying seizure activity with 87.8% accuracy, comparable to inorganic neuromorphic hardware. This multifunctional integration demonstrates that a single organic semiconductor can support chemical sensing, signal amplification and on-device computation, extending OECTs beyond single-function electronics. This platform establishes a pathway towards compact, intelligent biointerface sensing systems for continuous monitoring and real-time signal interpretation.