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<p>When charge transport occurs under conditions such as topological protection or ballistic motion, the conductance of low-dimensional systems often exhibits quantized values in units of <i>e</i><sup>2</sup>/<i>h</i>, underpinning advances in quantum metrology and computing. Here we report a quantized quantity: the ratio of displacement field to magnetic field, <i>D</i>/<i>B</i>, in large-twist-angle bilayer graphene. In high magnetic fields, Landau-level crossings between the top and bottom layers produce equal-sized checkerboard patterns across the <i>D</i>/<i>B</i>–<i>ν</i> space. These arise from electric-field-driven interlayer charge transfer of one elementary charge per flux quantum, yielding quantized critical displacement intervals, δ<i>D</i> = <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{e}{2{{\uppi }}{l}_{B}^{2}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">π</mi> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <i>l</i><sub><i>B</i></sub> is the magnetic length. This mechanism offers a route to magnetic sensing, as the displacement-to-magnetic-field ratio is defined solely by fundamental constants. We propose a prototype magnetometer based on this principle, potentially enabling planar mapping of magnetic fields with micrometre resolution via large-twist-angle bilayer graphene sensor arrays. Our results demonstrate that interlayer charge transfer in the quantum Hall regime gives rise to novel phenomena with potential applications in cryogenic magnetometry.</p>

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Quantized Landau-level crossing checkerboards for cryogenic magnetometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Baojuan Dong,
  • Kai Zhao,
  • Ze Wang,
  • Chuanying Xi,
  • Changhao Zhao,
  • Kenji Watanabe,
  • Takashi Taniguchi,
  • Jianming Lu,
  • Jianting Zhao,
  • Fengcheng Wu,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Zheng Vitto Han

摘要

When charge transport occurs under conditions such as topological protection or ballistic motion, the conductance of low-dimensional systems often exhibits quantized values in units of e2/h, underpinning advances in quantum metrology and computing. Here we report a quantized quantity: the ratio of displacement field to magnetic field, D/B, in large-twist-angle bilayer graphene. In high magnetic fields, Landau-level crossings between the top and bottom layers produce equal-sized checkerboard patterns across the D/B–ν space. These arise from electric-field-driven interlayer charge transfer of one elementary charge per flux quantum, yielding quantized critical displacement intervals, δD =  \(\frac{e}{2{{\uppi }}{l}_{B}^{2}}\) e 2 π l B 2 , where lB is the magnetic length. This mechanism offers a route to magnetic sensing, as the displacement-to-magnetic-field ratio is defined solely by fundamental constants. We propose a prototype magnetometer based on this principle, potentially enabling planar mapping of magnetic fields with micrometre resolution via large-twist-angle bilayer graphene sensor arrays. Our results demonstrate that interlayer charge transfer in the quantum Hall regime gives rise to novel phenomena with potential applications in cryogenic magnetometry.