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<p>Future wireless systems will operate at Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) and sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) frequencies to enable ultra-high data rates needed for many emerging applications. Transitioning to these frequency bands, together with the deployment of large antenna apertures, can extend the near-field region of a transmitter to several meters, opening fundamentally new opportunities for how networks can serve users. Crucially, realizing the full potential of such networks requires acquiring and tracking the real-time location of near-field users. Unfortunately, conventional localization techniques, which are primarily designed for far-field operation, struggle in the near-field regime. In this study, we introduce a novel few-shot near-field localization framework that enables precise user positioning using a single transmitting antenna array. We exploit the distinctive propagation characteristics of near-field wavefronts and the wide bandwidth available in the mmWave/sub-THz regime to enable accurate positioning, extracting both range and angular information without requiring phase-coherent measurements. For range estimation, we exploit the fundamental property of non-diffracting Bessel beams to confine electromagnetic energy along a controllable <i>propagation depth</i>. We present an adaptive transmission strategy that dynamically adjusts this propagation depth through a hierarchical multi-shot search. For angle estimation, we create distinct angle-dependent power spectra across a wide bandwidth using conventional phase-shifting arrays. Extensive simulations and over-the-air experiments in the D-band regime validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in localizing near-field users, highlighting its potential as a core component for location-assisted communication and services in future wireless networks.</p>

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Wireless wavefront shaping for non-coherent few-shot near-field localization

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Vahid Yazdnian,
  • Yasaman Ghasempour

摘要

Future wireless systems will operate at Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) and sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) frequencies to enable ultra-high data rates needed for many emerging applications. Transitioning to these frequency bands, together with the deployment of large antenna apertures, can extend the near-field region of a transmitter to several meters, opening fundamentally new opportunities for how networks can serve users. Crucially, realizing the full potential of such networks requires acquiring and tracking the real-time location of near-field users. Unfortunately, conventional localization techniques, which are primarily designed for far-field operation, struggle in the near-field regime. In this study, we introduce a novel few-shot near-field localization framework that enables precise user positioning using a single transmitting antenna array. We exploit the distinctive propagation characteristics of near-field wavefronts and the wide bandwidth available in the mmWave/sub-THz regime to enable accurate positioning, extracting both range and angular information without requiring phase-coherent measurements. For range estimation, we exploit the fundamental property of non-diffracting Bessel beams to confine electromagnetic energy along a controllable propagation depth. We present an adaptive transmission strategy that dynamically adjusts this propagation depth through a hierarchical multi-shot search. For angle estimation, we create distinct angle-dependent power spectra across a wide bandwidth using conventional phase-shifting arrays. Extensive simulations and over-the-air experiments in the D-band regime validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in localizing near-field users, highlighting its potential as a core component for location-assisted communication and services in future wireless networks.