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<p>High-temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) are a promising solution for decarbonizing industrial heat supply, and their performance can be further enhanced through the integration of a thermal energy storage (TES). This study investigates the use of a steam accumulator as a short-term TES option for an HTHP using a dynamic modeling approach, considering an industrial process needing steam at about 11 bar and 185 °C. A rule-based control strategy was developed to regulate steam generation while maintaining the required operating pressure. The results indicated that integrating the steam accumulator enhances system flexibility and reduces HTHP operating costs by approximately 7.4% compared to a standalone system. Reliable steam delivery above the minimum pressure requirement was also ensured. Parametric analysis showed that reducing the HTHP modulating factor improved steam accumulator utilization and lowered operating costs by up to 4.3% without affecting pressure requirements. Increasing storage volume from 25 m³ to 75 m³ enhanced operational stability and further reduced costs by up to 4.3%. Annual analysis indicated that standalone HTHPs cut operating costs by ~46% and CO₂ emissions by over 80%, while adding a steam accumulator increased savings to nearly 50%. Both systems achieved attractive payback periods of 3.8–5.9 years.</p>

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Dynamic modeling and parametric analysis of a steam accumulator integrated in a geothermal high-temperature R718 heat pump

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Vaishak Somasundaram,
  • Paride Gullo

摘要

High-temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) are a promising solution for decarbonizing industrial heat supply, and their performance can be further enhanced through the integration of a thermal energy storage (TES). This study investigates the use of a steam accumulator as a short-term TES option for an HTHP using a dynamic modeling approach, considering an industrial process needing steam at about 11 bar and 185 °C. A rule-based control strategy was developed to regulate steam generation while maintaining the required operating pressure. The results indicated that integrating the steam accumulator enhances system flexibility and reduces HTHP operating costs by approximately 7.4% compared to a standalone system. Reliable steam delivery above the minimum pressure requirement was also ensured. Parametric analysis showed that reducing the HTHP modulating factor improved steam accumulator utilization and lowered operating costs by up to 4.3% without affecting pressure requirements. Increasing storage volume from 25 m³ to 75 m³ enhanced operational stability and further reduced costs by up to 4.3%. Annual analysis indicated that standalone HTHPs cut operating costs by ~46% and CO₂ emissions by over 80%, while adding a steam accumulator increased savings to nearly 50%. Both systems achieved attractive payback periods of 3.8–5.9 years.