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<p>The rising demand for energy-efficient cooling has driven advancements in Indirect Evaporative Cooling (IEC) systems. This review explores nanomaterials and surface enhancements to improve thermal efficiency, corrosion resistance, and anti-fouling properties. Nanomaterials can boost COP by 16–43% and enable up to 36.1% energy savings. However, scalability and stability challenges remain. Emerging trends like MOFs and additive manufacturing offer promising solutions, guiding future research toward large-scale, sustainable IEC applications.</p><p></p>

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Surface engineering and nanomaterials for sustainable indirect evaporative cooling systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Talha Bin Nadeem,
  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Emad Tandis,
  • Adeel Arshad

摘要

The rising demand for energy-efficient cooling has driven advancements in Indirect Evaporative Cooling (IEC) systems. This review explores nanomaterials and surface enhancements to improve thermal efficiency, corrosion resistance, and anti-fouling properties. Nanomaterials can boost COP by 16–43% and enable up to 36.1% energy savings. However, scalability and stability challenges remain. Emerging trends like MOFs and additive manufacturing offer promising solutions, guiding future research toward large-scale, sustainable IEC applications.