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<p>Post-winter haze events in Delhi, India, comprise great air quality challenges, yet remain poorly understood due to limited measurements of vertical profiles of particulate matter (PM) concentrations. This study employs a drone-mounted PM low-cost sensor (PM-LCS) with an optimized sampling system to capture vertical PM<sub>2.5</sub> profiles during March 2021. Elevated PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations (160 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) were observed at an altitude of 100 m, being 60% higher than ground level. Vertical profiles of the PM<sub>1</sub>/PM<sub>2.5</sub> ratio under humid conditions (RH &gt; 70%), showed that haze formation is likely driven by hygroscopic inorganic aerosols. Comparison with model simulations showed significant underestimation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> (−52.6 ± 5.5%) during morning haze episodes, coinciding with a dry bias in modeled RH (−30.1 ± 8.3%). During non-hazy episodes, PM<sub>2.5</sub> underestimation decreased to 10.8 ± 1.2% with a minimal RH bias. This suggests that the dry bias of the model limits its ability to simulate aerosol hygroscopic growth. Overall, our findings demonstrate that drone-mounted PM-LCS provides a valuable vertical air quality assessment tool.</p>

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Drone measurements reveal high near-surface urban haze

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Ajit Ahlawat,
  • Kajal Julaha,
  • Pravash Tiwari,
  • Shravan Deshmukh,
  • Samira Atabakhsh,
  • Sherin Hassan Bran,
  • Nisar Ali Baig,
  • Palak Balyan,
  • Anil Kumar Mandariya,
  • Dilip Ganguly,
  • Kostas Karatzas,
  • Mayank Kumar,
  • Vikram Singh,
  • Ravindra Khaiwal,
  • Prashant Kumar,
  • George Biskos,
  • Yele Sun,
  • Birgit Wehner,
  • Sagnik Dey,
  • Mira Pöhlker

摘要

Post-winter haze events in Delhi, India, comprise great air quality challenges, yet remain poorly understood due to limited measurements of vertical profiles of particulate matter (PM) concentrations. This study employs a drone-mounted PM low-cost sensor (PM-LCS) with an optimized sampling system to capture vertical PM2.5 profiles during March 2021. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations (160 µg/m3) were observed at an altitude of 100 m, being 60% higher than ground level. Vertical profiles of the PM1/PM2.5 ratio under humid conditions (RH > 70%), showed that haze formation is likely driven by hygroscopic inorganic aerosols. Comparison with model simulations showed significant underestimation of PM2.5 (−52.6 ± 5.5%) during morning haze episodes, coinciding with a dry bias in modeled RH (−30.1 ± 8.3%). During non-hazy episodes, PM2.5 underestimation decreased to 10.8 ± 1.2% with a minimal RH bias. This suggests that the dry bias of the model limits its ability to simulate aerosol hygroscopic growth. Overall, our findings demonstrate that drone-mounted PM-LCS provides a valuable vertical air quality assessment tool.