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<p>Particle size distribution (PSD) of vehicular emissions is crucial for assessing their impacts on air quality and human health. However, real-world PSD data from vehicle fleets is scarce. Here, we conducted a two-week tunnel measurement of PSD from fleet emission. The estimated fleet-average emission factor for particle number (PN) was 2.6 × 10<sup>14</sup> kg-fuel<sup>−1</sup>. The PSD of vehicular emission peaked in nucleation mode, indicating a significant role of volatile particles likely formed outside exhaust pipes. Diurnal variations in PN correlated with traffic flow; however, high-emitting diesel vehicles, particularly those from other cities, caused notable spikes in PN and black carbon emissions during off-peak hours. Positive matrix factorization analysis confirms this critical role of high-emitting vehicles and also reveals the dominance of non-exhaust emissions on PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>. This study highlights the importance of stricter regulations on high-emitting vehicles and measures to mitigate nucleation mode and non-exhaust particles.</p>

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Real world particle size distribution from vehicle fleet and implication on emission control

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月28日

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  • Fuyang Zhang,
  • Jianfei Peng,
  • Jinsheng Zhang,
  • Jiayuan Liu,
  • Yajun Wu,
  • Peiji Liu,
  • Kexi Liu,
  • Bin Sun,
  • Qijun Zhang,
  • Lin Wu,
  • Ning Yang,
  • Wei Hu,
  • Hongjun Mao

摘要

Particle size distribution (PSD) of vehicular emissions is crucial for assessing their impacts on air quality and human health. However, real-world PSD data from vehicle fleets is scarce. Here, we conducted a two-week tunnel measurement of PSD from fleet emission. The estimated fleet-average emission factor for particle number (PN) was 2.6 × 1014 kg-fuel−1. The PSD of vehicular emission peaked in nucleation mode, indicating a significant role of volatile particles likely formed outside exhaust pipes. Diurnal variations in PN correlated with traffic flow; however, high-emitting diesel vehicles, particularly those from other cities, caused notable spikes in PN and black carbon emissions during off-peak hours. Positive matrix factorization analysis confirms this critical role of high-emitting vehicles and also reveals the dominance of non-exhaust emissions on PM2.5 and PM10. This study highlights the importance of stricter regulations on high-emitting vehicles and measures to mitigate nucleation mode and non-exhaust particles.