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<p>The electrical stimulation of the nervous system has shown great clinical potential in injury and pathology, yet experimentally driven practice makes it challenging to identify effective design choices and personalized stimulation protocols. This review outlines emerging model-based optimization frameworks that address these challenges by leveraging biophysical digital twins of neural interfaces. Enabling acceleration strategies and complementary data-driven approaches are also highlighted, along with key factors that currently limit clinical translation.</p>

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The optimization of neuroprosthetic interfaces relying on biophysical and surrogate digital twins

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Claudio Verardo,
  • Veronica Fossati,
  • Laura Toni,
  • Luca Pierantoni,
  • Elena Losanno,
  • Filippo Agnesi,
  • Simone Romeni

摘要

The electrical stimulation of the nervous system has shown great clinical potential in injury and pathology, yet experimentally driven practice makes it challenging to identify effective design choices and personalized stimulation protocols. This review outlines emerging model-based optimization frameworks that address these challenges by leveraging biophysical digital twins of neural interfaces. Enabling acceleration strategies and complementary data-driven approaches are also highlighted, along with key factors that currently limit clinical translation.