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<p>Climate change is intensifying wildfire frequency and severity globally, with wildfire-related fine particulate matter (fire-PM<sub>2.5</sub>) emerging as a critical health threat. Despite urgent mitigation needs, no comprehensive global assessment has explored timely interventions integrating health gains and economic feasibility. To address this gap, we developed an integrated framework combining disease burden quantification with cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate indoor air purifier interventions for fire-PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure. Using data from over 3,500 subnational units from 2003 to 2021, we quantified health benefits and costs of air purification under the World Health Organization guideline (5 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and interim (15 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) targets for PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Air purification could avert 60.8 million disability-adjusted life years attributable to fire-PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 2.2 billion disability-adjusted life years attributable to all-source PM<sub>2.5</sub> globally. However, stark inequalities emerged as interventions proved cost-effective in high-income countries but faced severe affordability constraints in low- and middle-income countries. These findings help inform targeted subsidies, international support and equitable, location-specific fire-PM<sub>2.5</sub> mitigation strategies as wildfire risks continue to escalate.</p>

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Global health benefits and cost-effectiveness of indoor air purification to mitigate PM2.5 from wildfire smoke

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Dongjia Han,
  • Yongxuan Guo,
  • John S. Ji,
  • Jianghao Wang,
  • Bin Zhao

摘要

Climate change is intensifying wildfire frequency and severity globally, with wildfire-related fine particulate matter (fire-PM2.5) emerging as a critical health threat. Despite urgent mitigation needs, no comprehensive global assessment has explored timely interventions integrating health gains and economic feasibility. To address this gap, we developed an integrated framework combining disease burden quantification with cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate indoor air purifier interventions for fire-PM2.5 exposure. Using data from over 3,500 subnational units from 2003 to 2021, we quantified health benefits and costs of air purification under the World Health Organization guideline (5 μg/m3) and interim (15 μg/m3) targets for PM2.5. Air purification could avert 60.8 million disability-adjusted life years attributable to fire-PM2.5 and 2.2 billion disability-adjusted life years attributable to all-source PM2.5 globally. However, stark inequalities emerged as interventions proved cost-effective in high-income countries but faced severe affordability constraints in low- and middle-income countries. These findings help inform targeted subsidies, international support and equitable, location-specific fire-PM2.5 mitigation strategies as wildfire risks continue to escalate.