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<p>Hypertension is a leading global health challenge; yet, the potential of urban greenness to reduce its burden remains largely unquantified. This study estimates the global, regional and national prevalence of hypertension that could be prevented through increased exposure to residential greenness. Using a scenario-based health impact framework, satellite-derived greenness data from over 30,000 cities and meta-analytically derived exposure–response estimates were combined with hypertension prevalence data for adults aged 30–79 years across 187 countries from 2001 to 2019. Under a scenario in which urban greenness was raised to the 95th percentile of national distributions, 11.7% of global hypertension prevalence in 2019 was estimated to be preventable. The African region and regions of intermediate socioeconomic development exhibited the highest preventable burden, whereas older adults (65–79 years) consistently showed the greatest benefit across all regions. Cross-country inequalities increased over time, with countries with lower socioeconomic development bearing a growing share of the preventable burden. These findings underscore the potential of urban greening as a structural intervention to reduce hypertension and highlight the need for equitable greening strategies in global public health and urban policy.</p>

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The global burden of hypertension preventable by urban greenness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Jiayu Wu,
  • Jidian Ruan,
  • Wenjie Di,
  • Jiayao Ying,
  • Jiali Zhou,
  • Zeyu Luo,
  • Igor Rudan,
  • Peige Song

摘要

Hypertension is a leading global health challenge; yet, the potential of urban greenness to reduce its burden remains largely unquantified. This study estimates the global, regional and national prevalence of hypertension that could be prevented through increased exposure to residential greenness. Using a scenario-based health impact framework, satellite-derived greenness data from over 30,000 cities and meta-analytically derived exposure–response estimates were combined with hypertension prevalence data for adults aged 30–79 years across 187 countries from 2001 to 2019. Under a scenario in which urban greenness was raised to the 95th percentile of national distributions, 11.7% of global hypertension prevalence in 2019 was estimated to be preventable. The African region and regions of intermediate socioeconomic development exhibited the highest preventable burden, whereas older adults (65–79 years) consistently showed the greatest benefit across all regions. Cross-country inequalities increased over time, with countries with lower socioeconomic development bearing a growing share of the preventable burden. These findings underscore the potential of urban greening as a structural intervention to reduce hypertension and highlight the need for equitable greening strategies in global public health and urban policy.