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<p>Commercially available single-junction photovoltaic devices are nearing the theoretical ~29% limit of their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). By layering multiple materials with complementary bandgaps, multi-junction photovoltaic solar cells could have higher efficiencies than devices with single light-absorbing layers. This Review examines the performance of perovskite–perovskite–silicon triple-junction solar cells (TJSCs), which have reported PCEs of 27.62% and theoretical maximum PCEs of 44.3%. Metal-halide perovskite materials have chemically tunable bandgaps, and can be deposited on top of silicon photovoltaic devices through large-area fabrication techniques. Perovskite materials with bandgaps engineered for multi-junction applications can struggle with poor crystallization during film formation, and can subsequently undergo PCE-limiting phase separation under exposure conditions. Altering composition through the addition of tin and/or doping with a range of ions or ligands can improve individual layer performance and overall device stability. The large maximum energy production of perovskite-based TJSCs under real radiation conditions (895 kWh m<sup>–2</sup> per year) underscores the broad application potential of multi-junction solar cells. Decreasing open-circuit voltage losses, improving bandgap matching for the middle layer, and focusing on fabrication repeatability and scalability could advance perovskite-based TJSCs beyond the proof-of-concept stage.</p>

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Perovskite-based multi-junction solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月15日

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  • Yuxin Yao,
  • Shunchang Liu,
  • Carlos D. Rodríguez-Gallegos,
  • César A. Rodríguez-Gallegos,
  • Zaiwei Wang,
  • Yi Hou

摘要

Commercially available single-junction photovoltaic devices are nearing the theoretical ~29% limit of their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). By layering multiple materials with complementary bandgaps, multi-junction photovoltaic solar cells could have higher efficiencies than devices with single light-absorbing layers. This Review examines the performance of perovskite–perovskite–silicon triple-junction solar cells (TJSCs), which have reported PCEs of 27.62% and theoretical maximum PCEs of 44.3%. Metal-halide perovskite materials have chemically tunable bandgaps, and can be deposited on top of silicon photovoltaic devices through large-area fabrication techniques. Perovskite materials with bandgaps engineered for multi-junction applications can struggle with poor crystallization during film formation, and can subsequently undergo PCE-limiting phase separation under exposure conditions. Altering composition through the addition of tin and/or doping with a range of ions or ligands can improve individual layer performance and overall device stability. The large maximum energy production of perovskite-based TJSCs under real radiation conditions (895 kWh m–2 per year) underscores the broad application potential of multi-junction solar cells. Decreasing open-circuit voltage losses, improving bandgap matching for the middle layer, and focusing on fabrication repeatability and scalability could advance perovskite-based TJSCs beyond the proof-of-concept stage.