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<p>Functional traits shape ecological niches, yet the interplay between nanoscale structural modifications, sexual dimorphism, and habitat range remains poorly understood. In fireflies, cuticular nanostructures that enhance bioluminescent signaling efficiency also impose ecological constraints. Anti-reflective nanocoatings improve cuticle transparency and optical performance but typically increase surface adhesion, reducing fitness. In <i>Luciola lusitanica</i>, this trade-off is mitigated by temperature-sensitive nanocoatings that form only within a narrow thermal range, limiting habitat expansion. This study presents the first thermodynamic analysis of environmentally constrained nanocoating formation, demonstrating how small temperature fluctuations can destabilize protein-lipid self-assembly. These findings link nanoscale biophysics to ecological resilience, providing a framework to understand how the environmental sensitivity of structural self-organization shapes adaptation, species distribution, and evolutionary potential.</p>

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Trade-offs in insect eye nanocoatings: implications for vision, ecology, and climate sensitivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Mikhail Kryuchkov,
  • Vladimir Savitsky,
  • Marc Jobin,
  • Stanislav Smirnov,
  • Mirza Karamehmedović,
  • Jana Valnohova,
  • Vladimir L Katanaev

摘要

Functional traits shape ecological niches, yet the interplay between nanoscale structural modifications, sexual dimorphism, and habitat range remains poorly understood. In fireflies, cuticular nanostructures that enhance bioluminescent signaling efficiency also impose ecological constraints. Anti-reflective nanocoatings improve cuticle transparency and optical performance but typically increase surface adhesion, reducing fitness. In Luciola lusitanica, this trade-off is mitigated by temperature-sensitive nanocoatings that form only within a narrow thermal range, limiting habitat expansion. This study presents the first thermodynamic analysis of environmentally constrained nanocoating formation, demonstrating how small temperature fluctuations can destabilize protein-lipid self-assembly. These findings link nanoscale biophysics to ecological resilience, providing a framework to understand how the environmental sensitivity of structural self-organization shapes adaptation, species distribution, and evolutionary potential.