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<p>Those in the extremities of the body mass index (BMI) spectrum are associated with an increased risk of menstrual irregularities, though previous large-scale studies show inconsistent findings. This study evaluated the relationship between BMI and menstrual cycle irregularity using data from 8745 individuals and 191,426 menstrual cycles collected from a smartphone application. Cubic spline models demonstrated a J-shaped curve for the average cycle length(CL), variability of CL, and absent/infrequent menstrual bleeding, indicating that both higher and lower BMI than normal were associated with longer, irregular cycles. An inverted J-shaped curve was found for the proportion of biphasic cycles, suggesting a higher risk of anovulatory cycles for both higher and lower BMI than normal. These findings highlight the benefits of maintaining a normal BMI for reproductive health.</p>

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Body mass index and menstrual irregularity in a prospective cohort study of smartphone application users

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Shiori Itoi,
  • Makiko Sampei,
  • Takayuki Tatsumi,
  • Yutaka Osuga,
  • Kaori Koga,
  • Satoshi Narumi,
  • Naho Morisaki

摘要

Those in the extremities of the body mass index (BMI) spectrum are associated with an increased risk of menstrual irregularities, though previous large-scale studies show inconsistent findings. This study evaluated the relationship between BMI and menstrual cycle irregularity using data from 8745 individuals and 191,426 menstrual cycles collected from a smartphone application. Cubic spline models demonstrated a J-shaped curve for the average cycle length(CL), variability of CL, and absent/infrequent menstrual bleeding, indicating that both higher and lower BMI than normal were associated with longer, irregular cycles. An inverted J-shaped curve was found for the proportion of biphasic cycles, suggesting a higher risk of anovulatory cycles for both higher and lower BMI than normal. These findings highlight the benefits of maintaining a normal BMI for reproductive health.