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<p>Coherent 400G technology can enhance the capacity and reduce the power consumption per bit in long-haul optical networks with transmission distances of&#xa0;over 1,500 km. Advances in optical components, chips and optical-layer infrastructure will enable 1,500 km transmission with about 0.08 nJ b<sup>−1</sup> efficiency per optical module, allowing optical fibre networks to become a backbone of everyday communications. In this Review, we describe the key technologies necessary for long-haul large-capacity 400G optical transmission. First, we determine that the quadrature phase-shift keying format is appropriate to implement such an optical network. Accordingly, optical components, chips and optical-layer infrastructure are required to support 130 GBd symbol rate and 12-THz-wide optical bandwidth. Next, we summarize the benchmarking experimental demonstrations of long-haul large-capacity optical transmission with coherent 400G signals. Finally, we outline the remaining challenges such as unified C + L-band optics and provide guidance for future researchers to bring higher-bandwidth and longer-range communications beyond 400G to telecom networks.</p>

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Making long-haul large-capacity 400G optical network a reality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Han Li,
  • Dong Wang,
  • Mingqing Zuo,
  • Xiaodong Duan,
  • Dechao Zhang,
  • Shan Cao,
  • Yuqian Zhang,
  • Jiachen Li,
  • Jiang Sun,
  • Dawei Ge

摘要

Coherent 400G technology can enhance the capacity and reduce the power consumption per bit in long-haul optical networks with transmission distances of over 1,500 km. Advances in optical components, chips and optical-layer infrastructure will enable 1,500 km transmission with about 0.08 nJ b−1 efficiency per optical module, allowing optical fibre networks to become a backbone of everyday communications. In this Review, we describe the key technologies necessary for long-haul large-capacity 400G optical transmission. First, we determine that the quadrature phase-shift keying format is appropriate to implement such an optical network. Accordingly, optical components, chips and optical-layer infrastructure are required to support 130 GBd symbol rate and 12-THz-wide optical bandwidth. Next, we summarize the benchmarking experimental demonstrations of long-haul large-capacity optical transmission with coherent 400G signals. Finally, we outline the remaining challenges such as unified C + L-band optics and provide guidance for future researchers to bring higher-bandwidth and longer-range communications beyond 400G to telecom networks.