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<p>The wearable artificial kidney has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative for end-stage renal disease due to its flexibility and portability, effectively clearing water and uremic toxins. However, conventional hemodialysis-based devices rely on liquid–liquid exchange and necessitate large quantities of dialysate to sustain a sufficient concentration gradient across the dialysis membrane, compromising portability and mobility. Here we develop a dialysate-free wearable artificial kidney prototype that uses a blood purifier for water removal, based on a vapor-driven liquid–gas phase transition, and integrates adsorption to remove uremic toxins. The system achieves a high water clearance flux of approximately 7 ml min<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−2</sup> and successfully performs renal replacement therapy in rabbits with acute renal injury, efficiently removing water, creatinine and <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-microglobulin. With a current weight of less than 3.8 kg and potential for further engineering optimization, this dialysate-free wearable artificial kidney prototype supports the feasibility of practical portable blood purification, opening avenues for flexible and efficient nephropathy treatment.</p><p></p>

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A dialysate-free wearable artificial kidney prototype driven by a liquid–gas phase transition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Jing Luo,
  • Huali Yu,
  • Xijing Yang,
  • Dehui Wang,
  • Bingyang Lu,
  • Jiaxin Liu,
  • Jinlong Yang,
  • Yiming Zhang,
  • Shengjun Cheng,
  • Xianda Liu,
  • Yupei Li,
  • Fei Deng,
  • Guisen Li,
  • Qiang Wei,
  • Weifeng Zhao,
  • Baihai Su,
  • Changsheng Zhao,
  • Xu Deng

摘要

The wearable artificial kidney has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative for end-stage renal disease due to its flexibility and portability, effectively clearing water and uremic toxins. However, conventional hemodialysis-based devices rely on liquid–liquid exchange and necessitate large quantities of dialysate to sustain a sufficient concentration gradient across the dialysis membrane, compromising portability and mobility. Here we develop a dialysate-free wearable artificial kidney prototype that uses a blood purifier for water removal, based on a vapor-driven liquid–gas phase transition, and integrates adsorption to remove uremic toxins. The system achieves a high water clearance flux of approximately 7 ml min−1 m−2 and successfully performs renal replacement therapy in rabbits with acute renal injury, efficiently removing water, creatinine and β2-microglobulin. With a current weight of less than 3.8 kg and potential for further engineering optimization, this dialysate-free wearable artificial kidney prototype supports the feasibility of practical portable blood purification, opening avenues for flexible and efficient nephropathy treatment.