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<p>Realizing green justice in cities requires both the equitable distribution of urban green spaces (UGSs) across different social groups and meaningful public participation in decision-making. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are active in this process, but their role in reshaping UGS justice remains underexplored. On the basis of 58 in-depth interviews with NGO staff, officials and other stakeholders in Beijing, along with participant observations and social media analysis, this study reveals that NGOs frame distributive equity as less urgent. Rather, they focus on procedural justice through supervision, networking, advocacy and the use of legal frameworks to secure participation. In the recognitional dimension, NGOs navigate constrained governance environments by subtly altering dominant narratives, strategically engaging governments and adapting practices to align with official expectations. To gain recognition and remain operational, NGOs strategically downplay distributional inequities while foregrounding participation and recognition of UGS justice in Beijing. The findings highlight the importance of counter-narratives, information disclosure and earlier NGO involvement in UGS planning under existing political constraints.</p>

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How NGOs reshape urban green space justice in Beijing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Luquan Liang,
  • Sun Sheng Han,
  • Jennifer Day

摘要

Realizing green justice in cities requires both the equitable distribution of urban green spaces (UGSs) across different social groups and meaningful public participation in decision-making. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are active in this process, but their role in reshaping UGS justice remains underexplored. On the basis of 58 in-depth interviews with NGO staff, officials and other stakeholders in Beijing, along with participant observations and social media analysis, this study reveals that NGOs frame distributive equity as less urgent. Rather, they focus on procedural justice through supervision, networking, advocacy and the use of legal frameworks to secure participation. In the recognitional dimension, NGOs navigate constrained governance environments by subtly altering dominant narratives, strategically engaging governments and adapting practices to align with official expectations. To gain recognition and remain operational, NGOs strategically downplay distributional inequities while foregrounding participation and recognition of UGS justice in Beijing. The findings highlight the importance of counter-narratives, information disclosure and earlier NGO involvement in UGS planning under existing political constraints.