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<p>Microbial inoculants are increasingly promoted as sustainable alternatives or complements to conventional agricultural inputs, yet their field performance remains highly variable. This review examines how ecological processes governing root microbiome assembly constrain inoculant establishment, persistence, and function across agricultural systems. We synthesize current evidence on the roles of environmental filtering, host-mediated selection, microbial interactions, and context dependency in shaping inoculant outcomes. We further evaluate the promise and limitations of core-microbiome concepts and synthetic communities as emerging strategies for microbiome-informed inoculant design, emphasizing that their practical translation remains challenged by methodological variability, ecological complexity, formulation constraints, and regulatory barriers. By integrating ecological theory with applied microbiology, this review highlights why many inoculants fail to deliver consistent agronomic benefits and outlines a more potential framework for developing context-aware, field-relevant microbiome-based solutions for sustainable agroecosystem management.</p><p></p>

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Microbial inoculants and root microbiome: a path to sustainable agroecosystem management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Rafael Chaves Ribeiro,
  • João Pedro Campos Matos,
  • Diego Vinicius de Sena Martins,
  • Luciano Pasqualoto Canellas,
  • Fabio Lopes Olivares

摘要

Microbial inoculants are increasingly promoted as sustainable alternatives or complements to conventional agricultural inputs, yet their field performance remains highly variable. This review examines how ecological processes governing root microbiome assembly constrain inoculant establishment, persistence, and function across agricultural systems. We synthesize current evidence on the roles of environmental filtering, host-mediated selection, microbial interactions, and context dependency in shaping inoculant outcomes. We further evaluate the promise and limitations of core-microbiome concepts and synthetic communities as emerging strategies for microbiome-informed inoculant design, emphasizing that their practical translation remains challenged by methodological variability, ecological complexity, formulation constraints, and regulatory barriers. By integrating ecological theory with applied microbiology, this review highlights why many inoculants fail to deliver consistent agronomic benefits and outlines a more potential framework for developing context-aware, field-relevant microbiome-based solutions for sustainable agroecosystem management.