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<p>Sepsis accounts for approximately 20% of global mortality and a substantial healthcare cost. Delayed or missed diagnoses of sepsis and poorly targeted treatment of sepsis-causing bloodstream infections are key contributors to this high mortality. Clinical diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis is based on several host-response measures related to organ system dysfunction. Owing to the low concentration of pathogens in bloodstream infections, identification of the causative pathogen generally requires blood culture over the course of hours to days. This necessitates the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics before culture results are available, which is a major risk factor for the development of antimicrobial resistance. In this Review, we describe the current standards for diagnosis of sepsis and summarize the technologies in use for detection of pathogens and host-response biomarkers&#xa0;in blood. We then identify key challenges in rapid diagnosis and discuss how ideal diagnostics for bloodstream infections could be achieved.</p>

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Rapid diagnosis of sepsis and bloodstream infections

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Matthew Wester,
  • Jongwon Lim,
  • Mohammadreza Ghaderinia,
  • Katherine Koprowski,
  • An Bao Van,
  • John Heredia,
  • Karen White,
  • James Kumar,
  • Enrique Valera,
  • Rashid Bashir

摘要

Sepsis accounts for approximately 20% of global mortality and a substantial healthcare cost. Delayed or missed diagnoses of sepsis and poorly targeted treatment of sepsis-causing bloodstream infections are key contributors to this high mortality. Clinical diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis is based on several host-response measures related to organ system dysfunction. Owing to the low concentration of pathogens in bloodstream infections, identification of the causative pathogen generally requires blood culture over the course of hours to days. This necessitates the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics before culture results are available, which is a major risk factor for the development of antimicrobial resistance. In this Review, we describe the current standards for diagnosis of sepsis and summarize the technologies in use for detection of pathogens and host-response biomarkers in blood. We then identify key challenges in rapid diagnosis and discuss how ideal diagnostics for bloodstream infections could be achieved.