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<p>Therapeutic T cell products and immunotherapies that target T cells require the manipulation of T cells ex vivo or in situ. Endogenous T cell functions are guided by their physical and biological interactions with other cells and tissues, occurring at the T cell membrane. Such T cell interfaces can be recapitulated using nanotechnologies and microtechnologies to precisely modulate and control T cell function. In this Review, we first discuss the structural and biochemical features of T cell interfaces at the cell and tissue levels, outlining how these interfaces dictate T cell function and fate. We then examine how T cell interfaces can be engineered at the nanoscale and microscale to create models for mechanistic studies, as well as scalable platforms for identifying, engineering, screening and sorting therapeutic T cells. Finally, we highlight key challenges and opportunities in the scaling and translation of these platforms for their integration into T cell therapy manufacturing processes.</p>

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Interfacial T cell engineering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月12日

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  • Yunus Alapan,
  • Susan N. Thomas

摘要

Therapeutic T cell products and immunotherapies that target T cells require the manipulation of T cells ex vivo or in situ. Endogenous T cell functions are guided by their physical and biological interactions with other cells and tissues, occurring at the T cell membrane. Such T cell interfaces can be recapitulated using nanotechnologies and microtechnologies to precisely modulate and control T cell function. In this Review, we first discuss the structural and biochemical features of T cell interfaces at the cell and tissue levels, outlining how these interfaces dictate T cell function and fate. We then examine how T cell interfaces can be engineered at the nanoscale and microscale to create models for mechanistic studies, as well as scalable platforms for identifying, engineering, screening and sorting therapeutic T cells. Finally, we highlight key challenges and opportunities in the scaling and translation of these platforms for their integration into T cell therapy manufacturing processes.