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<p>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are recognized as environmental pollutants of global concern because of their pervasive and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Despite extensive research on their transformation by animals and bacteria, the interactions between phytoplankton and progestogens remain poorly understood. Here we show the efficient biotransformation of a representative progestogen norethindrone acetate (NEA) across 18 phylogenetically diverse freshwater and marine phytoplankton species, primarily through enzymatic conversion into the more potent neurosteroid norethindrone. Using click chemistry-based chemoproteomics combined with protein functional validation, we found that an adenylosuccinate lyase induced an unexpected deacetylation of NEA into norethindrone. Using metagenome and metatranscriptome databases, we uncovered the global distribution and transcription of genes encoding this lyase across various eukaryotic phyla. Our study demonstrates an overlooked reconversion of NEA by diverse phytoplankton species, which may exacerbate the risks of progestogens such as NEA to ecosystem health and human safety.</p>

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Chemoproteomics reveals global occurrence of a phytoplankton lyase capable of reconverting progestogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Xin Qi,
  • Chujin Ruan,
  • Liandong Zhu,
  • Zhanfei Wei,
  • Jing-Yu Qin,
  • Jiu-Qiang Xiong

摘要

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are recognized as environmental pollutants of global concern because of their pervasive and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Despite extensive research on their transformation by animals and bacteria, the interactions between phytoplankton and progestogens remain poorly understood. Here we show the efficient biotransformation of a representative progestogen norethindrone acetate (NEA) across 18 phylogenetically diverse freshwater and marine phytoplankton species, primarily through enzymatic conversion into the more potent neurosteroid norethindrone. Using click chemistry-based chemoproteomics combined with protein functional validation, we found that an adenylosuccinate lyase induced an unexpected deacetylation of NEA into norethindrone. Using metagenome and metatranscriptome databases, we uncovered the global distribution and transcription of genes encoding this lyase across various eukaryotic phyla. Our study demonstrates an overlooked reconversion of NEA by diverse phytoplankton species, which may exacerbate the risks of progestogens such as NEA to ecosystem health and human safety.