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<p>Fresh water scarcity is a pressing global issue exacerbated by climate change and growing populations. Current desalination technologies face limitations: reverse osmosis requires grid electrical power and specialized membranes, thermal desalination is inefficient and membrane systems are prone to fouling. Here we introduce Solar Thermal Resonant Energy Exchange Desalination (STREED)—a robust, membrane-free and efficient solar thermal desalination approach. STREED couples the basic mechanisms of humidification–dehumidification distillation to Resonant Energy Transfer, a dynamic energy recovery scheme described in the language of oscillators. Resonant Energy Transfer achieves optimized and controllable thermal gradients for passive evaporation and condensation. Dynamic tuning of system flow rates in response to varying solar intensities substantially increases efficiency, extending fresh water production over 24 hours per day. We predict week-long fresh water productivity increases of 77% with an average gained output ratio near ~1.9 at seawater salinity, depending on available solar irradiation. STREED adapts to fluctuating solar inputs, offering a scalable solution for decentralized, off-grid water treatment crucial for remote communities facing water scarcity.</p>

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Resonant energy transfer for membrane-free, off-grid solar thermal humidification–dehumidification desalination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • William Schmid,
  • Aleida Machorro-Ortiz,
  • Qian Ye,
  • Peter Nordlander,
  • Pratiksha D. Dongare,
  • Naomi J. Halas,
  • Alessandro Alabastri

摘要

Fresh water scarcity is a pressing global issue exacerbated by climate change and growing populations. Current desalination technologies face limitations: reverse osmosis requires grid electrical power and specialized membranes, thermal desalination is inefficient and membrane systems are prone to fouling. Here we introduce Solar Thermal Resonant Energy Exchange Desalination (STREED)—a robust, membrane-free and efficient solar thermal desalination approach. STREED couples the basic mechanisms of humidification–dehumidification distillation to Resonant Energy Transfer, a dynamic energy recovery scheme described in the language of oscillators. Resonant Energy Transfer achieves optimized and controllable thermal gradients for passive evaporation and condensation. Dynamic tuning of system flow rates in response to varying solar intensities substantially increases efficiency, extending fresh water production over 24 hours per day. We predict week-long fresh water productivity increases of 77% with an average gained output ratio near ~1.9 at seawater salinity, depending on available solar irradiation. STREED adapts to fluctuating solar inputs, offering a scalable solution for decentralized, off-grid water treatment crucial for remote communities facing water scarcity.