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<p>Consensus-building in multilateral sectoral organizations can be crucial to the designation of marine protected areas (MPAs) on the high seas. While the consensus procedure can be abused to block collective decisions, the obligation-alone nature of MPAs allows states to observe those MPA proposals voluntarily without undermining formal negotiations. When implemented collectively in particular scenarios, such actions can deliver cumulative conservation efforts and alter the political dynamics to complement decision-making.</p>

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Walking the talk: voluntary actions on marine protected areas on the high seas

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Jiliang Chen,
  • Constantinos Yiallourides,
  • Joseph Maina

摘要

Consensus-building in multilateral sectoral organizations can be crucial to the designation of marine protected areas (MPAs) on the high seas. While the consensus procedure can be abused to block collective decisions, the obligation-alone nature of MPAs allows states to observe those MPA proposals voluntarily without undermining formal negotiations. When implemented collectively in particular scenarios, such actions can deliver cumulative conservation efforts and alter the political dynamics to complement decision-making.