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<p>Buried morphological and electronic defects of solution-synthesized perovskite films are detrimental to the photovoltaic stability and performance of state-of-the-art inverted perovskite solar cells based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Previous studies have attempted to alleviate this synthesis issue by molecular tailoring of SAMs. Here we use pre-seeding of low-dimensional halide crystal solvates (CSVs) to trigger the formation of perovskite film bottoms with suppressed morphological and electronic defects. CSVs enable nanostructure-guided wetting of the perovskite precursor solution on SAMs and unlock lattice-confined solvent annealing of the perovskite film bottom, mitigating interfacial voids and nanogrooves. This method also leads to CSV-derived halide compound passivation at the film bottom, reducing electronic defects and enabling hole-extraction-favouring interfacial energetics. The sequential multi-functionality enabled by CSV pre-seeding surpasses the nucleation control in conventional seeding strategies. Resultant inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of 26.13% with a high fill factor of 86.75%. These devices demonstrate improved light and thermal stabilities under ISOS-L-1 and ISOS-T-1 test protocols. The scalability of CSV pre-seeding is demonstrated with 23.15% power conversion efficiency achieved for a 49.91 cm<sup>2</sup> perovskite solar mini-module.</p><p></p>

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Crystal-solvate pre-seeded synthesis for scalable perovskite solar cell fabrication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Xiuhong Sun,
  • Mingwei Hao,
  • Kaiyu Wang,
  • Kuan Wang,
  • Yalan Zhang,
  • Bingqian Zhang,
  • Xuexuan Huang,
  • Chenghao Bi,
  • Shuping Pang,
  • Yuanyuan Zhou

摘要

Buried morphological and electronic defects of solution-synthesized perovskite films are detrimental to the photovoltaic stability and performance of state-of-the-art inverted perovskite solar cells based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Previous studies have attempted to alleviate this synthesis issue by molecular tailoring of SAMs. Here we use pre-seeding of low-dimensional halide crystal solvates (CSVs) to trigger the formation of perovskite film bottoms with suppressed morphological and electronic defects. CSVs enable nanostructure-guided wetting of the perovskite precursor solution on SAMs and unlock lattice-confined solvent annealing of the perovskite film bottom, mitigating interfacial voids and nanogrooves. This method also leads to CSV-derived halide compound passivation at the film bottom, reducing electronic defects and enabling hole-extraction-favouring interfacial energetics. The sequential multi-functionality enabled by CSV pre-seeding surpasses the nucleation control in conventional seeding strategies. Resultant inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of 26.13% with a high fill factor of 86.75%. These devices demonstrate improved light and thermal stabilities under ISOS-L-1 and ISOS-T-1 test protocols. The scalability of CSV pre-seeding is demonstrated with 23.15% power conversion efficiency achieved for a 49.91 cm2 perovskite solar mini-module.