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<p>Synthesis of robust, functional membranes is hindered by the lack of spatial control in conventional bulk-phase reactions, which offer limited regulation over network structure and nanoscale uniformity. Here we report a nanoconfinement strategy to fabricate membranes where polymerization occurs within sub-2-nm channels that act as spatially defined reaction compartments. The nanoconfined space governs nanoscale alignment and network packing, producing high-density poly(epoxy) membranes (1.51 g cm<sup>−3</sup>), 37% denser than their non-confined analogue (1.10 g cm<sup>−3</sup>) and exceeding typical polymers. The resulting materials combine high tensile strength (119.9 MPa), flexibility (100,000 bending cycles) and broad solvent resistance, unifying properties that are difficult to achieve simultaneously. We further demonstrate that producing high-density membrane matrices facilitates selective ion transport, as shown by as-fabricated positively charged poly(ammonium) membranes, which outperform state-of-the-art counterparts in terms of mechanical strength, OH⁻ conductivity and selectivity against small neutral molecules. This work demonstrates nanomaterials as spatially confined reactors to govern polymer architecture and function, while also offering fundamental insights into structure regulation under nanoconfinement.</p><p></p>

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Confined polymerization in nanochannels for synthesizing functional membranes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Zhuyuan Wang,
  • Chen Jia,
  • Yuxiang Wang,
  • Xue Yan,
  • Ming Yong,
  • Ze-Xian Low,
  • Xiangkang Zeng,
  • Jindi Yang,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Xuefeng Li,
  • Kaige Sun,
  • Mike Tebyetekerwa,
  • Rongming Xu,
  • Wenming Zhao,
  • Kaijie Xu,
  • Yuan Kang,
  • Ekaterina Strounina,
  • Daria V. Andreeva,
  • Andrew K. Whittaker,
  • Jefferson Zhe Liu,
  • Chuan Zhao,
  • Kostya S. Novoselov,
  • Xiwang Zhang

摘要

Synthesis of robust, functional membranes is hindered by the lack of spatial control in conventional bulk-phase reactions, which offer limited regulation over network structure and nanoscale uniformity. Here we report a nanoconfinement strategy to fabricate membranes where polymerization occurs within sub-2-nm channels that act as spatially defined reaction compartments. The nanoconfined space governs nanoscale alignment and network packing, producing high-density poly(epoxy) membranes (1.51 g cm−3), 37% denser than their non-confined analogue (1.10 g cm−3) and exceeding typical polymers. The resulting materials combine high tensile strength (119.9 MPa), flexibility (100,000 bending cycles) and broad solvent resistance, unifying properties that are difficult to achieve simultaneously. We further demonstrate that producing high-density membrane matrices facilitates selective ion transport, as shown by as-fabricated positively charged poly(ammonium) membranes, which outperform state-of-the-art counterparts in terms of mechanical strength, OH⁻ conductivity and selectivity against small neutral molecules. This work demonstrates nanomaterials as spatially confined reactors to govern polymer architecture and function, while also offering fundamental insights into structure regulation under nanoconfinement.