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<p>Sodium-ion batteries have been attracting extensive attention in both academic and industrial fields. However, the lack of large-area and ultrathin sodium (Na) metal foil hinders basic research on and commercialization of energy-dense Na-ion batteries. Here we successfully fabricated a metre-length, ultrathin (≤50 μm), mechanically strengthened Na metal foil by a roll-to-roll calendaring process with interfacial lubrication and functional modification. By developing self-lubricating polydimethylsiloxane as the multifunctional agent, the poor processibility of metallic Na is addressed by forming a mechanically strong interface as well as a surface lubricant film during rolling. Furthermore, polydimethylsiloxane-derived (Si–O)<sub><i>n</i></sub>-Na interphases can guide Na<sup>+</sup>-ion interfacial diffusion and enable a robust solid electrolyte interphase. Consequently, the large-area ultrathin Na foil exhibits a stable electrode potential and stripping capacity, as well as prolonged lifespan compared with bare Na anodes. This approach enables the realization of amp-hour-level Na metal pouch cells under a low negative-to-positive capacity ratio of 1.9, showing an energy density of 180.2 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>. This scalable ultrathin Na foil establishes a materials foundation for fundamental studies on Na-ion batteries and the potential manufacture of high-energy-density Na metal batteries.</p><p></p>

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Scalable ultrathin sodium metal anodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Mengyao Tang,
  • Shuai Dong,
  • Ke Yue,
  • Jinhui Zhao,
  • Weiping Li,
  • Xuefeng Wang,
  • Peng Chen,
  • Ruizhi Liu,
  • Rui Wen,
  • Shuangyu Song,
  • Yujing Liu,
  • Jianwei Nai,
  • Jiawei Wang,
  • Qiaonan Zhu,
  • Liwei Cheng,
  • Hao Lan,
  • Liqiang Wu,
  • Bin Zhou,
  • Daojun Yang,
  • Xinyong Tao,
  • Lin Guo,
  • Hua Wang

摘要

Sodium-ion batteries have been attracting extensive attention in both academic and industrial fields. However, the lack of large-area and ultrathin sodium (Na) metal foil hinders basic research on and commercialization of energy-dense Na-ion batteries. Here we successfully fabricated a metre-length, ultrathin (≤50 μm), mechanically strengthened Na metal foil by a roll-to-roll calendaring process with interfacial lubrication and functional modification. By developing self-lubricating polydimethylsiloxane as the multifunctional agent, the poor processibility of metallic Na is addressed by forming a mechanically strong interface as well as a surface lubricant film during rolling. Furthermore, polydimethylsiloxane-derived (Si–O)n-Na interphases can guide Na+-ion interfacial diffusion and enable a robust solid electrolyte interphase. Consequently, the large-area ultrathin Na foil exhibits a stable electrode potential and stripping capacity, as well as prolonged lifespan compared with bare Na anodes. This approach enables the realization of amp-hour-level Na metal pouch cells under a low negative-to-positive capacity ratio of 1.9, showing an energy density of 180.2 Wh kg−1. This scalable ultrathin Na foil establishes a materials foundation for fundamental studies on Na-ion batteries and the potential manufacture of high-energy-density Na metal batteries.