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<p>Rapid Joule heating (RJH) has emerged as a transformative technique for ultrafast materials synthesis, attributed to extreme thermal conditions, fast reaction speed and high energy efficiency. Here, to improve the controllability and versatility of RJH, we introduce nanocatalysts and establish a catalytic RJH process that combines the precision of vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) growth processes with the ultrafast kinetics of Joule heating, enabling structurally controlled synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials within seconds. We verify the validity of VLS mechanism at temperatures beyond 2,500 °C under RJH, in which the far-from-equilibrium reaction conditions further enhance the growth and diameter control of 1D nanomaterials. Consequently, nanowires of refractory carbides, II–VI/III–V group semiconductors, high-entropy carbides, and multiwalled and single-walled carbon nanotubes are synthesized, showing the generality of the RJH-VLS strategy. With demonstrated scalability to the 10-g scale, low energy consumption on the order of tens of kilojoules per gram, and the ability to precisely control morphology through nanocatalysts, this catalytic RJH strategy shows great promise for the synthesis and production of 1D materials.</p><p></p>

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Catalytic Joule heating synthesis of one-dimensional nanomaterials in seconds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Jian Sheng,
  • Yifan Xu,
  • Zhen Han,
  • Sida Sun,
  • Xinrui Zhang,
  • Chi Xu,
  • Runze Lai,
  • Dan-Na Wu,
  • Hai-Gang Lu,
  • Si-Dian Li,
  • Yan Li

摘要

Rapid Joule heating (RJH) has emerged as a transformative technique for ultrafast materials synthesis, attributed to extreme thermal conditions, fast reaction speed and high energy efficiency. Here, to improve the controllability and versatility of RJH, we introduce nanocatalysts and establish a catalytic RJH process that combines the precision of vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) growth processes with the ultrafast kinetics of Joule heating, enabling structurally controlled synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials within seconds. We verify the validity of VLS mechanism at temperatures beyond 2,500 °C under RJH, in which the far-from-equilibrium reaction conditions further enhance the growth and diameter control of 1D nanomaterials. Consequently, nanowires of refractory carbides, II–VI/III–V group semiconductors, high-entropy carbides, and multiwalled and single-walled carbon nanotubes are synthesized, showing the generality of the RJH-VLS strategy. With demonstrated scalability to the 10-g scale, low energy consumption on the order of tens of kilojoules per gram, and the ability to precisely control morphology through nanocatalysts, this catalytic RJH strategy shows great promise for the synthesis and production of 1D materials.