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Background <p>Vaginal dysbiosis, characterized by <i>Lactobacillus</i> depletion and anaerobic enrichment, may be relevant to ovarian cancer (OC) outcomes, yet comprehensive microbiome characterization in OC patients remains limited. Here, we characterize the prevalence and predictors of vaginal microbiome dysbiosis among racially diverse OC patients in the US.</p> Methods <p>We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on vaginal samples from 132 OC patients recruited as part of the population-based ORCHiD study. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a computational topic modeling approach, was applied to identify distinct microbial community signatures representing co-occurring bacterial taxa.</p> Results <p>Here, we show that <i>Lactobacillus</i> is detected in only 47.7% of patients. Topic modeling identifies seven distinct microbial signatures spanning <i>Lactobacillus</i>-dominated and anaerobe-enriched community types. Anaerobic bacterial enrichment (<i>Peptoniphilus</i>, <i>Anaerococcus</i>) increases significantly with age (approximately 35% per decade of life, FDR q = 0.019). Racial differences are observed, with non-Hispanic Black patients demonstrating a 5-fold higher prevalence of an Actinomycetaceae-classified amplicon sequence variant (ASV54) compared with non-Hispanic white patients (40.9% vs 8.2%, FDR q = 0.005), while <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> is detected only among non-Hispanic white patients (6.4% vs 0%) in this cohort.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings demonstrate a high burden of vaginal microbiome dysbiosis among OC patients and identify age- and race-associated microbial patterns that may be relevant to understanding disparities in OC outcomes.</p>

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Characterizing the composition and diversity of the vaginal microbiome in ovarian cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • April Deveaux,
  • Oyomoare L. Osazuwa-Peters,
  • Yeon Ji Kim,
  • Pixu Shi,
  • Drew Neish,
  • Ashwini Joshi,
  • Veronica Duck,
  • Ashliegh Williams,
  • Margaret Gates Kuliszewski,
  • Bin Huang,
  • Kevin Ward,
  • Maria Pisu,
  • Thomas Tucker,
  • Rebecca Previs,
  • Andrew Berchuck,
  • Tomi Akinyemiju

摘要

Background

Vaginal dysbiosis, characterized by Lactobacillus depletion and anaerobic enrichment, may be relevant to ovarian cancer (OC) outcomes, yet comprehensive microbiome characterization in OC patients remains limited. Here, we characterize the prevalence and predictors of vaginal microbiome dysbiosis among racially diverse OC patients in the US.

Methods

We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on vaginal samples from 132 OC patients recruited as part of the population-based ORCHiD study. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a computational topic modeling approach, was applied to identify distinct microbial community signatures representing co-occurring bacterial taxa.

Results

Here, we show that Lactobacillus is detected in only 47.7% of patients. Topic modeling identifies seven distinct microbial signatures spanning Lactobacillus-dominated and anaerobe-enriched community types. Anaerobic bacterial enrichment (Peptoniphilus, Anaerococcus) increases significantly with age (approximately 35% per decade of life, FDR q = 0.019). Racial differences are observed, with non-Hispanic Black patients demonstrating a 5-fold higher prevalence of an Actinomycetaceae-classified amplicon sequence variant (ASV54) compared with non-Hispanic white patients (40.9% vs 8.2%, FDR q = 0.005), while Lactobacillus crispatus is detected only among non-Hispanic white patients (6.4% vs 0%) in this cohort.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate a high burden of vaginal microbiome dysbiosis among OC patients and identify age- and race-associated microbial patterns that may be relevant to understanding disparities in OC outcomes.