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Background <p>The ongoing mpox outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) resulted in &gt;71,000 suspected cases from 01 January 2024 to 02 February 2025. Clade Ib mpox virus (MPXV) emergence has heightened public health concern due to observed sustained human-human transmission and spread to multiple non-endemic East African countries. Clade Ib outbreaks have been marked by epidemiologic deviations from classic Clade Ia zoonotic transmission—Clade Ib instead has been observed among adult populations and transmission via sexual contact. With the continued expansion of Clade Ib across the region, containment and mitigation measures may need to be adapted to best fit this novel MPXV clade.</p> Methods <p>Case investigation and epidemiological assessment data as well as whole viral geonome sequencing was analyzed from confirmed mpox infected individuals in the Goma region. Case demographics and clinical presentation data was also assessed from suspected mpox cases in the region.</p> Results <p>We report the first introduction of Clade Ib into North Kivu province through close contact transmission. We also report limited human-human Clade Ib transmission chains among children &lt;15 years in the Mudja internal displaced persons camp. We further present evidence of APOBEC3 mutations and genomic links between these North Kivu cases with the larger ongoing Clade Ib outbreak in Kamituga, South Kivu.</p> Conclusions <p>Given the expansion of regional mpox outbreaks and populations considered at-risk, these findings underscore how mpox case investigations and community messaging should include considerations for non-sexual human-human transmission of Clade Ib that includes children &lt;15 years.</p>

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First imported cases of MPXV Clade Ib from Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月15日

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  • Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka,
  • Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki,
  • Noella Mulopo-Mukanya,
  • Adrienne Amuri-Aziza,
  • Áine O’Toole,
  • Sydney Merritt,
  • Brigitte Modadra-Madakpa,
  • Guy Mutombo-Ndongala,
  • Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki,
  • Cris Kacita,
  • Gaston Lubambo Maboko,
  • Jean-Claude Makangara-Cigolo,
  • Michel Ngimba,
  • Emmanuel Lokilo-Lofiko,
  • Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu,
  • Gradi Luakanda-Ndelemo,
  • Tavia Bodisa-Matamu,
  • Zephanie Paluku-Kalimuli,
  • Prince Akil-Bandali,
  • Sifa Kavira-Bapitani,
  • Daan Jansen,
  • Adèle Kavira-Kamaliro,
  • Emile Muhindo-Milonde,
  • Jeriel Mufungizi,
  • Yves Birindwa-Hamisi,
  • Hugo Kavunga,
  • Olivier Tshiani,
  • Sabin Sabiti Nundu,
  • Laurens Liesenborghs,
  • Nicole A. Hoff,
  • Megan Halbrook,
  • Robert Shongo,
  • Ahidjo Ayouba,
  • Genay Pilarowski,
  • Alain Kakule Mangolopa,
  • Amos Kiuka Ebondo,
  • Nicola Low,
  • Souradet Y. Shaw,
  • Sam Wilkinson,
  • Sofonias Kifle Tessema,
  • Lorenzo Subissi,
  • Eric Delaporte,
  • Koen Vercauteren,
  • Tony Wawina-Bokalanga,
  • Anne W. Rimoin,
  • Lisa E. Hensley,
  • Martine Peeters,
  • Nicholas Loman,
  • Andrew Rambaut,
  • Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum,
  • Jason Kindrachuk,
  • Placide Mbala-Kingebeni,
  • Steve Ahuka-Mundeke

摘要

Background

The ongoing mpox outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) resulted in >71,000 suspected cases from 01 January 2024 to 02 February 2025. Clade Ib mpox virus (MPXV) emergence has heightened public health concern due to observed sustained human-human transmission and spread to multiple non-endemic East African countries. Clade Ib outbreaks have been marked by epidemiologic deviations from classic Clade Ia zoonotic transmission—Clade Ib instead has been observed among adult populations and transmission via sexual contact. With the continued expansion of Clade Ib across the region, containment and mitigation measures may need to be adapted to best fit this novel MPXV clade.

Methods

Case investigation and epidemiological assessment data as well as whole viral geonome sequencing was analyzed from confirmed mpox infected individuals in the Goma region. Case demographics and clinical presentation data was also assessed from suspected mpox cases in the region.

Results

We report the first introduction of Clade Ib into North Kivu province through close contact transmission. We also report limited human-human Clade Ib transmission chains among children <15 years in the Mudja internal displaced persons camp. We further present evidence of APOBEC3 mutations and genomic links between these North Kivu cases with the larger ongoing Clade Ib outbreak in Kamituga, South Kivu.

Conclusions

Given the expansion of regional mpox outbreaks and populations considered at-risk, these findings underscore how mpox case investigations and community messaging should include considerations for non-sexual human-human transmission of Clade Ib that includes children <15 years.