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<p>Dementia diagnosis increasingly relies on blood-based biomarkers, yet their performance in diverse populations remains insufficiently characterized. Latin America, with substantial genetic and environmental heterogeneity, is particularly underrepresented in biomarker research. Here we show that plasma AT(N) biomarkers can distinguish Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in a multinational Latin American cohort (<i>N</i> = 605). Aβ<sub>42</sub>/Aβ<sub>40</sub> amyloid-β ratios were reduced and levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau217, p-tau181) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were elevated in both disorders, with NfL showing greater increases in FTLD. Classification models achieved receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (ROC AUCs) of 83% for AD and 88% for FTLD. Meta-analyses confirmed consistency across countries, and these markers correlated with executive, memory and global cognitive impairment. Biomarker alterations combined with disease-specific neuroimaging patterns and cognitive measures further improved accuracy (ROC AUCs of 89% for AD and 95% for FTLD). These findings indicate that plasma AT(N) biomarkers, combined with neuroimaging and clinical assessments, can enhance dementia diagnosis across diverse Latin American populations.</p>

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Blood-based AT(N) biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration in Latin America

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Ariel Caviedes,
  • Felipe Cabral-Miranda,
  • Paulina Orellana,
  • Hernán Hernández,
  • Fernando Henríquez,
  • Raul Gonzalez-Gomez,
  • Matias Pizarro,
  • Joaquin Migeot,
  • Carolina Ochoa-Rosales,
  • Carolina Gonzalez-Silva,
  • Nickole Marin-Diaz,
  • Carlos Coronel-Oliveros,
  • Hernando Santamaría-García,
  • Danilo Carmona,
  • Adolfo M. García,
  • Andrea Slachevsky,
  • Andrew Singleton,
  • Andy Yue Qi,
  • Brian Lawlor,
  • Bruce Miller,
  • Catherine Dhooge,
  • Caroline Pantazis,
  • Chinedu T. Udeh-Momoh,
  • David Aguillón,
  • Diana L. Matallana,
  • Eduardo R. Zimmer,
  • Elisa de Paula França Resende,
  • Francesca R. Farina,
  • Francisca Cabello,
  • Francisco Lopera,
  • Henrik Zetterberg,
  • José Alberto Avila-Funes,
  • Juliana Acosta-Uribe,
  • Katherine L. Possin,
  • Kenneth S. Kosik,
  • Kun Hu,
  • Leonel T. Takada,
  • Maira Okada de Oliveira,
  • Marcelo Adrian Maito,
  • Marc Suárez-Calvet,
  • Maria E. Godoy,
  • Maria Isabel Behrens,
  • Mario A. Parra,
  • Marta del Campo,
  • Martin Bruno,
  • Nancy Gelvez,
  • Natalia Pozo-Castro,
  • J. Nicholas Cochran,
  • Nilton Custodio,
  • Rodrigo Ortega,
  • Rodrigo Santibanez,
  • Rolando de la Cruz,
  • Rosa Montesinos,
  • Sarah McDonagh,
  • Sara Bandres-Ciga,
  • Shireen Javandel,
  • Sonia M. D. Brucki,
  • Stefanie D. Pina-Escudero,
  • Victor Valcour,
  • Ziyi Li,
  • Jennifer S. Yokoyama,
  • Agustin Ibañez,
  • Claudia Duran-Aniotz,
  • Elisa de Paula França Resende,
  • Maira Okada de Oliveira

摘要

Dementia diagnosis increasingly relies on blood-based biomarkers, yet their performance in diverse populations remains insufficiently characterized. Latin America, with substantial genetic and environmental heterogeneity, is particularly underrepresented in biomarker research. Here we show that plasma AT(N) biomarkers can distinguish Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in a multinational Latin American cohort (N = 605). Aβ42/Aβ40 amyloid-β ratios were reduced and levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau217, p-tau181) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were elevated in both disorders, with NfL showing greater increases in FTLD. Classification models achieved receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (ROC AUCs) of 83% for AD and 88% for FTLD. Meta-analyses confirmed consistency across countries, and these markers correlated with executive, memory and global cognitive impairment. Biomarker alterations combined with disease-specific neuroimaging patterns and cognitive measures further improved accuracy (ROC AUCs of 89% for AD and 95% for FTLD). These findings indicate that plasma AT(N) biomarkers, combined with neuroimaging and clinical assessments, can enhance dementia diagnosis across diverse Latin American populations.