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<p>Infectious diseases are known to trigger acute seizures, but their long-term impact on epilepsy, especially in later life, is unclear. We conducted nested case–control studies of newly diagnosed epilepsy after age 50 in the UK Biobank (2,486 cases; 12,430 controls) and Swedish registers (56,266 cases; 281,330 controls), including a sibling comparison. Previous hospital-treated infections were associated with a persistently elevated epilepsy risk (for example, &gt;10 years after infection: odds ratio (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.39–2.04 in UK Biobank; 1.46, 1.41–1.51 in Sweden). Associations were robust in sibling analyses and across infection types and sites. We further found that infections, together with a high cardiovascular genetic risk (OR 2.62, 2.22–3.08), a high cardiovascular risk score (OR 3.14, 2.68–3.68) or cardiovascular disease history (OR 4.77, 4.64–4.91), were associated with the highest epilepsy risk. Hospital-treated infections exert prolonged impact on epilepsy risk in older age, especially when in combination with cardiovascular risk factors.</p>

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Hospital-treated infectious diseases and the risk of epilepsy in older age

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Qiyuan Zhuang,
  • Yihan Hu,
  • Dang Wei,
  • Chenxi Qin,
  • Kejia Hu,
  • Junyi Zhang,
  • Lida Chen,
  • Zhelun Yang,
  • Weimin Ye,
  • Karin Wirdefeldt,
  • Xiang Zou,
  • Ying Mao,
  • Sara Hägg,
  • Fang Fang

摘要

Infectious diseases are known to trigger acute seizures, but their long-term impact on epilepsy, especially in later life, is unclear. We conducted nested case–control studies of newly diagnosed epilepsy after age 50 in the UK Biobank (2,486 cases; 12,430 controls) and Swedish registers (56,266 cases; 281,330 controls), including a sibling comparison. Previous hospital-treated infections were associated with a persistently elevated epilepsy risk (for example, >10 years after infection: odds ratio (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.39–2.04 in UK Biobank; 1.46, 1.41–1.51 in Sweden). Associations were robust in sibling analyses and across infection types and sites. We further found that infections, together with a high cardiovascular genetic risk (OR 2.62, 2.22–3.08), a high cardiovascular risk score (OR 3.14, 2.68–3.68) or cardiovascular disease history (OR 4.77, 4.64–4.91), were associated with the highest epilepsy risk. Hospital-treated infections exert prolonged impact on epilepsy risk in older age, especially when in combination with cardiovascular risk factors.