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<p>Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) is currently the most powerful tool for analysing GC-amenable compounds. The technique is complemented by using MS as a third dimension, after two stages of chromatographic separation. In this Primer, various aspects of GC×GC–MS are explored, including basic principles and method optimization with both cryogenic and flow modulation. State-of-the-art instrumentation and data processing tools are discussed, including the advantages and limitations of GC×GC–MS compared with other GC techniques. A range of applications are explored, with an overall future outlook for the field. Information is provided on when and why GC×GC–MS should be used, how it can be fully exploited and potential advances that may occur in the next decade.</p>

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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月6日

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  • Luigi Mondello,
  • Chiara Cordero,
  • Hans-Gerd Janssen,
  • Robert E. Synovec,
  • Mariosimone Zoccali,
  • Peter Q. Tranchida

摘要

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) is currently the most powerful tool for analysing GC-amenable compounds. The technique is complemented by using MS as a third dimension, after two stages of chromatographic separation. In this Primer, various aspects of GC×GC–MS are explored, including basic principles and method optimization with both cryogenic and flow modulation. State-of-the-art instrumentation and data processing tools are discussed, including the advantages and limitations of GC×GC–MS compared with other GC techniques. A range of applications are explored, with an overall future outlook for the field. Information is provided on when and why GC×GC–MS should be used, how it can be fully exploited and potential advances that may occur in the next decade.