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<p>Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is an important nitrogen cycling pathway for nature and wastewater treatment, but its contribution has been underestimated because the produced ammonium can be rapidly assimilated by microorganisms. Here we operated a laboratory-scale sulfide driven continuous flow reactor under different sulfur-to-nitrogen ratios, and combined isotope tracing, batch test, pure culture experiment, metagenomics, and transcriptional analyses were used to investigate nitrogen and sulfur transformation. At a sulfur-to-nitrogen molar ratio of 4, the ammonium conversion efficiency reached to 46.8%, with a potential dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium rate of 30.75 ± 3.81 μmol/(L·h). Electron microscopy and elemental analysis indicated the accumulation of elemental sulfur. Metagenomic and pure-culture analyses with <i>Thiobacillus thioparus</i> ATCC158 suggested that ammonium produced during nitrate reduction was rapidly assimilated into biomass. These findings reveal coupling between sulfur-driven nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation during nitrogen and sulfur transformation.</p><p></p>

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Overlooked ammonium assimilation during sulfur autotrophic dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Linjie Gao,
  • Yiyi Zhao,
  • Sherif Ismail,
  • Bipro Ranjan Dhar,
  • Shou-Qing Ni

摘要

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is an important nitrogen cycling pathway for nature and wastewater treatment, but its contribution has been underestimated because the produced ammonium can be rapidly assimilated by microorganisms. Here we operated a laboratory-scale sulfide driven continuous flow reactor under different sulfur-to-nitrogen ratios, and combined isotope tracing, batch test, pure culture experiment, metagenomics, and transcriptional analyses were used to investigate nitrogen and sulfur transformation. At a sulfur-to-nitrogen molar ratio of 4, the ammonium conversion efficiency reached to 46.8%, with a potential dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium rate of 30.75 ± 3.81 μmol/(L·h). Electron microscopy and elemental analysis indicated the accumulation of elemental sulfur. Metagenomic and pure-culture analyses with Thiobacillus thioparus ATCC158 suggested that ammonium produced during nitrate reduction was rapidly assimilated into biomass. These findings reveal coupling between sulfur-driven nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation during nitrogen and sulfur transformation.