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<p>Following the unprecedented marine heatwaves of summer 2022, extensive flowering of the endemic seagrass <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> was witnessed across the western Mediterranean. To unravel the causes of this event, we conducted a pan-Mediterranean analysis across 442 sites spanning all Mediterranean ecoregions, with 76% exhibiting flowering. Flowering differed regionally, with both highest flowering prevalence (over 90%) and flowering intensity (up to 0.75) recorded in the Liguro-Provençal and Balearic Seas. We demonstrate that regions experiencing large summer sea surface temperature anomaly with high marine heatwave cumulative intensity displayed the highest flowering intensity. The probability of flowering was very likely when marine heatwave cumulative intensity exceeded ⁓120°C days. These findings suggest that marine heatwaves trigger flowering in <i>P. oceanica</i> and, given the high energetic cost of sexual reproduction, continued ocean warming may shift energy allocation toward flowering. This shift could profoundly affect the species’ reproductive strategies, posing major challenges and uncertainties for its long-term evolution.</p>

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Mass flowering of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica after 2022 record-breaking marine heatwaves, a Pan-Mediterranean study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Patrick Astruch,
  • Nathaniel Bensoussan,
  • Serena André,
  • Charles-François Boudouresque,
  • Fiona Tomas,
  • Núria Teixidó,
  • Jérémy Carlot,
  • Bruno Belloni,
  • Catalina A. Garcia-Escudero,
  • Barış Akçalı,
  • Teresa Alcoverro,
  • Eugenia T. Apostolaki,
  • Fabio Badalamenti,
  • Jordi Boada,
  • Arnaud Boulenger,
  • Mélanie Cabral,
  • Edoardo Casoli,
  • Giovanni Chimienti,
  • Tristan Estaque,
  • Yolanda Fernández Torquemada,
  • Vasilis Gerakaris,
  • Sylvie Gobert,
  • Daniele Grech,
  • Demetris Kletou,
  • Vesna Mačić,
  • Julia Máñez-Crespo,
  • Candela Marco-Méndez,
  • Heike Molenaar,
  • Diego Moreno,
  • José Luis Sánchez-Lizaso,
  • Thomas Schohn,
  • Jorge Terrados,
  • Georgina Torras Jorda,
  • Daniele Ventura,
  • Arturo Zenone,
  • Balma Albalat-Oliver,
  • Vincent Bardinal,
  • Agustín Barrajón Domenech,
  • Walid Belgacem,
  • Jamila Ben Souissi,
  • Jaime Bernardeau-Esteller,
  • Carlo Nike Bianchi,
  • Inés Castejón,
  • Emma Cebrian,
  • Eric Charbonnel,
  • Adrien Cheminée,
  • Edouard Chéré,
  • Antonia Chiarore,
  • George Constantinou,
  • Jean-Michel Cottalorda,
  • Ivan Cvitković,
  • Giovanni D’Anna,
  • Marija Despalatović,
  • Fedra Dokoza,
  • Manuel Fernández-Casado,
  • Bruno Ferrari,
  • Raouia Ghanem,
  • Dorian Guillemain,
  • Juan Eduardo Guillén Nieto,
  • Aysu Güresen,
  • Virginie Hartmann,
  • Noelia Hernandez,
  • Muñoz Andres Izquierdo,
  • Zrinka Jakl,
  • Stéphane Jamme,
  • Onur Karayalı,
  • Periklis Kleitou,
  • Jelena Kurtović Mrčelić,
  • Arthur Lazennec,
  • Valentina Lovat,
  • Ilaria Mancini,
  • Gianluca Mancini,
  • Núria Marbà,
  • Michel Marengo,
  • Noëmie Michez,
  • Alice Mirasole,
  • Briac Monnier,
  • Carla Morri,
  • Pedro C. Navarro-Martinez,
  • Alice Oprandi,
  • Arianna Pansini,
  • Christine Pergent-Martini,
  • Alexis Pey,
  • Luigi Piazzi,
  • Gabriele Procaccini,
  • José Miguel Remón,
  • Stéphane Roberty,
  • Javier Romero,
  • Juan Manuel Ruiz,
  • Neus Sanmarti Boixeda,
  • Manu Sant Felix,
  • Antonio Scannavino,
  • Francisco Sobrado,
  • Patrizia Stipcich,
  • Ante Žuljević,
  • Monica Montefalcone

摘要

Following the unprecedented marine heatwaves of summer 2022, extensive flowering of the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica was witnessed across the western Mediterranean. To unravel the causes of this event, we conducted a pan-Mediterranean analysis across 442 sites spanning all Mediterranean ecoregions, with 76% exhibiting flowering. Flowering differed regionally, with both highest flowering prevalence (over 90%) and flowering intensity (up to 0.75) recorded in the Liguro-Provençal and Balearic Seas. We demonstrate that regions experiencing large summer sea surface temperature anomaly with high marine heatwave cumulative intensity displayed the highest flowering intensity. The probability of flowering was very likely when marine heatwave cumulative intensity exceeded ⁓120°C days. These findings suggest that marine heatwaves trigger flowering in P. oceanica and, given the high energetic cost of sexual reproduction, continued ocean warming may shift energy allocation toward flowering. This shift could profoundly affect the species’ reproductive strategies, posing major challenges and uncertainties for its long-term evolution.