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<p>The role of monsoon-induced wave action in driving mangrove loss in deltaic settings remains underexplored in comparison with the role of anthropogenic activities. Here, we reveal that the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta (GBMD), the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem within a monsoon-dominated region, exhibited an increased trend in total mangrove area at a rate of 133.3 ± 6.7 ha yr<sup>-1</sup> from 1988 to 2022, despite a landward retreat of the mangrove shoreline at 5.98 ± 1.56 m yr<sup>-1</sup>. Monsoon-driven wave action is the primary driver of mangrove loss, with sea-level rise and tropical cyclones acting as critical amplifiers that exacerbate wave-driven erosion. In contrast, tidal currents promote sediment redistribution into channels, backshore areas, and around barrier islands and sandbanks, thereby fostering mangrove colonization and largely compensating for mangrove loss. Our findings highlight how southwest monsoon-induced waves drive mangrove loss, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying mangrove degradation in wave-dominated coastal areas.</p>

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Monsoon-driven waves induce a prevailing recession in mangrove forests across the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Yuan Xiong,
  • Zhijun Dai,
  • Chuqi Long,
  • Xuefei Mei,
  • Jinping Cheng,
  • Cong Mai Van,
  • Binh An Nguyen,
  • David M. Kennedy

摘要

The role of monsoon-induced wave action in driving mangrove loss in deltaic settings remains underexplored in comparison with the role of anthropogenic activities. Here, we reveal that the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta (GBMD), the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem within a monsoon-dominated region, exhibited an increased trend in total mangrove area at a rate of 133.3 ± 6.7 ha yr-1 from 1988 to 2022, despite a landward retreat of the mangrove shoreline at 5.98 ± 1.56 m yr-1. Monsoon-driven wave action is the primary driver of mangrove loss, with sea-level rise and tropical cyclones acting as critical amplifiers that exacerbate wave-driven erosion. In contrast, tidal currents promote sediment redistribution into channels, backshore areas, and around barrier islands and sandbanks, thereby fostering mangrove colonization and largely compensating for mangrove loss. Our findings highlight how southwest monsoon-induced waves drive mangrove loss, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying mangrove degradation in wave-dominated coastal areas.