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<p>Fog formation over tropical forests remains poorly characterized, despite its potential role in bioaerosol dispersion and ecosystem processes. Here, we analyzed fog samples collected at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory using flow cytometry and culture-based techniques to characterize viable microbial communities. Microbial cell concentrations varied over an order of magnitude across 13 fog events, reaching up to 8 × 10<sup>4</sup> cells per ml of fog water. Flow cytometry consistently detected metabolically active cells, while culturing and mass spectrometry-based identification yielded eight viable bacterial species and seven fungal taxa. The bacteria <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Ralstonia pickettii</i> and <i>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</i> exhibited seasonal variations in prevalence. The fungal species identified were primarily mesophilic saprophytes and endophytes, commonly associated with soil and plant surfaces. Our findings indicate that fog harbors viable microbes, including <i>Serratia marcescens</i> and <i>Ralstonia pickettii</i>, which may imply a relevance of fog for microbial dispersal, colonization and nutrient cycling in the Amazon rainforest.</p>

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Amazonian fog harbors viable microbes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Ricardo H. M. Godoi,
  • Emerson L. Y. Hara,
  • Bruna G. Sebben,
  • Philip E. Taylor,
  • Dulcilena M. Castro e Silva,
  • Sebastian Brill,
  • Valter B. Duo Filho,
  • Glaucio Valdameri,
  • Luciano F. Huergo,
  • Rosaria R. Ferreira,
  • Cléo Q. Dias-Junior,
  • Maurício C. Mantoani,
  • Fábio L. T. Gonçalves,
  • Rachel I. Albrecht,
  • Nurun N. Lata,
  • Gregory Vandergrift,
  • Swarup China,
  • Carlos I. Yamamoto,
  • Rodrigo F. C. Marques,
  • Rodolfo D. Piazza,
  • Rodrigo A. F. Souza,
  • Theotonio Pauliquevis,
  • Paulo Artaxo,
  • Luiz A. T. Machado,
  • Heitor Evangelista,
  • Jéssica C. dos Santos-Silva,
  • Sanja Potgieter-Vermaak,
  • Subha S. Raj,
  • Christopher Pöhlker,
  • Jens Weber,
  • Bettina Weber,
  • Laudemir C. Varanda,
  • Ivan Kourtchev,
  • Scot T. Martin,
  • Ulrich Pöschl,
  • Meinrat O. Andreae

摘要

Fog formation over tropical forests remains poorly characterized, despite its potential role in bioaerosol dispersion and ecosystem processes. Here, we analyzed fog samples collected at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory using flow cytometry and culture-based techniques to characterize viable microbial communities. Microbial cell concentrations varied over an order of magnitude across 13 fog events, reaching up to 8 × 104 cells per ml of fog water. Flow cytometry consistently detected metabolically active cells, while culturing and mass spectrometry-based identification yielded eight viable bacterial species and seven fungal taxa. The bacteria Serratia marcescens, Ralstonia pickettii and Sphingomonas paucimobilis exhibited seasonal variations in prevalence. The fungal species identified were primarily mesophilic saprophytes and endophytes, commonly associated with soil and plant surfaces. Our findings indicate that fog harbors viable microbes, including Serratia marcescens and Ralstonia pickettii, which may imply a relevance of fog for microbial dispersal, colonization and nutrient cycling in the Amazon rainforest.