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<p>Episodic reductions in underwater light can be a key driver of marine ecosystem degradation. Yet a consistent event-based framework describing the frequency, duration and intensity of substantial but short-term reductions in underwater light does not exist. Here, we proposed marine darkwaves as a framework for quantifying these episodic reductions of underwater light at specific depths which aligns with definitions of other episodic and extreme events. The framework was applied to long-term in situ time series of underwater irradiance from California, USA (16 years, 6.3 metres) and New Zealand (10 years, at 7 and 20 metres). We showed evidence of several intense marine darkwaves across these sites, with durations up to 64 days, cumulative light deficits reaching −105.6 mol photon·m<sup>−2</sup>, and up to almost 100% light loss versus climatology. We extended the framework to satellite-derived seabed irradiance data across New Zealand’s East Cape region (2002–2023), using a set of 10<sup>th</sup> percentile threshold and a minimum duration of 5 days. This revealed 25 to 80 spatially varying seabed events, and event durations of 5 to 15 days. Importantly, the framework enables local to continental-scale comparisons of the patterns and ecological consequences of episodic light reduction in marine ecosystems.</p>

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Marine darkwave as an event-based framework to assess unusual periods of reduced underwater light availability

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • François Thoral,
  • Matthew H. Pinkerton,
  • Shinae Montie,
  • Mads S. Thomsen,
  • Christopher N. Battershill,
  • Karen Filbee-Dexter,
  • Mark Gall,
  • Robert J. Miller,
  • Shane Orchard,
  • Daniel C. Reed,
  • Leigh W. Tait,
  • Spencer D. S. Virgin,
  • Thomas Wernberg,
  • John Zeldis,
  • David R. Schiel

摘要

Episodic reductions in underwater light can be a key driver of marine ecosystem degradation. Yet a consistent event-based framework describing the frequency, duration and intensity of substantial but short-term reductions in underwater light does not exist. Here, we proposed marine darkwaves as a framework for quantifying these episodic reductions of underwater light at specific depths which aligns with definitions of other episodic and extreme events. The framework was applied to long-term in situ time series of underwater irradiance from California, USA (16 years, 6.3 metres) and New Zealand (10 years, at 7 and 20 metres). We showed evidence of several intense marine darkwaves across these sites, with durations up to 64 days, cumulative light deficits reaching −105.6 mol photon·m−2, and up to almost 100% light loss versus climatology. We extended the framework to satellite-derived seabed irradiance data across New Zealand’s East Cape region (2002–2023), using a set of 10th percentile threshold and a minimum duration of 5 days. This revealed 25 to 80 spatially varying seabed events, and event durations of 5 to 15 days. Importantly, the framework enables local to continental-scale comparisons of the patterns and ecological consequences of episodic light reduction in marine ecosystems.