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<p>Multiple lines of evidence support permanent oxygenation of the Earth’s atmosphere during the early Paleoproterozoic (~2.5–2.1 billion years ago). Here, we report geochemical data, along with sulfide textures, for &gt;2.31-bilion-year-old sedimentary rocks from the upper Espanola and Serpent formations that underlie the third glacial diamictite of the Huronian Supergroup, Canada. Redox-sensitive element contents and the isotopic compositions of molybdenum and sulfur are comparable to upper continental crust value. Subangular to rounded pyrite grains of detrital origin are observed in sandstones of the Serpent Formation. Our data indicate limited oxidative weathering of crustal sulfide prior to the third glaciation of the Huronian succession, consistent with low atmospheric oxygen levels (&lt;5×10<sup>−4</sup> of the present atmospheric level). We suggest that such low atmospheric oxygen levels persisted for long periods prior to the final glaciation of the Huronian succession.</p>

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Incomplete oxidative sulfide weathering and low atmospheric oxygen levels during the Great Oxidation Event

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Kosuke T. Goto,
  • Yasuhito Sekine,
  • Umi Nakamura,
  • Katsuhiko Suzuki,
  • Ryoko Senda,
  • Naoki Yamada,
  • Yuichiro Ueno,
  • Shogo Tachibana,
  • Naohiro Yoshida,
  • Mariko Harada,
  • Ryuji Tada,
  • Kazuhisa Goto,
  • Shinji Yamamoto,
  • Teruyuki Maruoka,
  • Nanako O. Ogawa,
  • Naohiko Ohkouchi,
  • Yumiko Harigane,
  • Yoshiaki Kon,
  • Gen Shimoda,
  • Simon W. Poulton,
  • Eiichi Tajika

摘要

Multiple lines of evidence support permanent oxygenation of the Earth’s atmosphere during the early Paleoproterozoic (~2.5–2.1 billion years ago). Here, we report geochemical data, along with sulfide textures, for >2.31-bilion-year-old sedimentary rocks from the upper Espanola and Serpent formations that underlie the third glacial diamictite of the Huronian Supergroup, Canada. Redox-sensitive element contents and the isotopic compositions of molybdenum and sulfur are comparable to upper continental crust value. Subangular to rounded pyrite grains of detrital origin are observed in sandstones of the Serpent Formation. Our data indicate limited oxidative weathering of crustal sulfide prior to the third glaciation of the Huronian succession, consistent with low atmospheric oxygen levels (<5×10−4 of the present atmospheric level). We suggest that such low atmospheric oxygen levels persisted for long periods prior to the final glaciation of the Huronian succession.