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<p>The Mg-pyroxene annulus in the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin holds crucial information about the lunar crustal evolution, yet its mineralogy and origin remain debate. Here we analyzed the mineralogy, exogenic ejecta, and soil evolution of the 2.8-billion-year-old Chang’e-6 samples from the SPA basin by Raman spectroscopic technique. The Chang’e-6 soils contain mare basalts and noritic exogenous ejecta (31–40 vol%), likely from Chaffee S crater. The derived mineralogy (63–67 vol% plagioclase and 25–27 vol% low-Ca pyroxene) of Mg-pyroxene annulus indicates a ferrous noritic lithology, attributed to a mixture of differentiated norite from the SPA impact melt sheet and re-deposited SPA crust (61–63 vol%). Ejecta accumulation facilitated glass formation, while small impacts induced quartz metamorphism, mixing mature basaltic soil with fresh ejecta, and leading to the fine-grained CE-6 soil. These findings provide new insights into the origin of SPA mafic anomalies and farside mare soil evolution.</p><p></p>

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Impact-induced mixing generated the stratified soils of the Lunar South Pole Aitken Basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月6日

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  • Haijun Cao,
  • Jian Chen,
  • Xuejin Lu,
  • Jiaqi Kong,
  • Le Qiao,
  • Chengxiang Yin,
  • Changqing Liu,
  • Hongkun Qu,
  • Xiaohui Fu,
  • Yanqing Xin,
  • Zongcheng Ling

摘要

The Mg-pyroxene annulus in the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin holds crucial information about the lunar crustal evolution, yet its mineralogy and origin remain debate. Here we analyzed the mineralogy, exogenic ejecta, and soil evolution of the 2.8-billion-year-old Chang’e-6 samples from the SPA basin by Raman spectroscopic technique. The Chang’e-6 soils contain mare basalts and noritic exogenous ejecta (31–40 vol%), likely from Chaffee S crater. The derived mineralogy (63–67 vol% plagioclase and 25–27 vol% low-Ca pyroxene) of Mg-pyroxene annulus indicates a ferrous noritic lithology, attributed to a mixture of differentiated norite from the SPA impact melt sheet and re-deposited SPA crust (61–63 vol%). Ejecta accumulation facilitated glass formation, while small impacts induced quartz metamorphism, mixing mature basaltic soil with fresh ejecta, and leading to the fine-grained CE-6 soil. These findings provide new insights into the origin of SPA mafic anomalies and farside mare soil evolution.