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<p>Conventional wood-shaping strategies rely on energy-intensive processing or harsh chemicals that irreversibly alter wood structure. This work presents a sustainable alternative for unprecedented softening of bulk hardwood through treatment with blends of Cyrene and water. This green, low-energy approach uniformly plasticizes the entire wood matrix in the wet state, enabling pronounced, shape-defining deformations while preserving the native hierarchical architecture. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals a substantial downward shift of the Tan δ relaxation peak, indicating enhanced molecular mobility of lignin and hemicellulose. X-ray diffraction demonstrates deep penetration of the solvent blend into cellulose crystalline domains, suggesting a strong perturbation of chain organization within the crystal lattice. As a result, Cyrene-water-treated wet wood exhibits markedly reduced stiffness and greatly increased flexibility, enabling large bending and twisting deformations compared with solely water-treated wood. After solvent removal, the shaped wood retains its imposed geometry without cracking or structural degradation. This strategy provides a green, cost-effective platform for shape-adaptable processing of intact wood into diverse macroscopic geometries and opens new opportunities for next-generation wood-based constructions.</p>

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Uniform plasticization enabling large deformation of intact wood

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Shanshan Li,
  • Martina Nardi,
  • Sergio Marras,
  • Luca Ceseracciu,
  • Lara Marini,
  • Athanassia Athanassiou

摘要

Conventional wood-shaping strategies rely on energy-intensive processing or harsh chemicals that irreversibly alter wood structure. This work presents a sustainable alternative for unprecedented softening of bulk hardwood through treatment with blends of Cyrene and water. This green, low-energy approach uniformly plasticizes the entire wood matrix in the wet state, enabling pronounced, shape-defining deformations while preserving the native hierarchical architecture. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals a substantial downward shift of the Tan δ relaxation peak, indicating enhanced molecular mobility of lignin and hemicellulose. X-ray diffraction demonstrates deep penetration of the solvent blend into cellulose crystalline domains, suggesting a strong perturbation of chain organization within the crystal lattice. As a result, Cyrene-water-treated wet wood exhibits markedly reduced stiffness and greatly increased flexibility, enabling large bending and twisting deformations compared with solely water-treated wood. After solvent removal, the shaped wood retains its imposed geometry without cracking or structural degradation. This strategy provides a green, cost-effective platform for shape-adaptable processing of intact wood into diverse macroscopic geometries and opens new opportunities for next-generation wood-based constructions.