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<p>Transition-metal fluorides (TMFs) are attracting attention as alternative lithium-ion battery cathodes, primarily focusing on Fe-based systems. Here, we report chromium as a previously unexplored transition metal (TM) for TMF cathodes in rechargeable lithium batteries. Utilizing a thin-film solid-state platform, we mitigate the common shortcomings of TMF cathodes, such as sluggish kinetics and electrolyte incompatibility. Coevaporation of Cr and LiF produces a heterogeneous thin film of Cr-LiF with a 1.1:2 stoichiometric ratio, delivering an initial capacity of 435 mAh/g and an energy density of 0.71 Wh/g at a C/10 cycling rate. Experimental measurements and first-principles calculations identify CrF<sub>2</sub> as the dominant delithiated phase. The cathode maintains a capacity of 208 mAh/g at both 1C and 5C discharge rates after 1500 cycles. Compared to Fe-LiF (FeF<sub>2</sub>) analogs, Cr-LiF demonstrates a higher rate capability with 0.255 Wh/g at 3.80 W/g. This work introduces chromium fluorides as a new high-energy conversion cathode, expanding the options of viable positive electrode materials for next-generation batteries.</p>

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Cr-LiF as a high energy density conversion-type cathode for Li-ion solid-state batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Joel Casella,
  • Jȩdrzej Morzy,
  • Vittorio Montanelli,
  • Felix C. Mocanu,
  • Arnold Müller,
  • Moritz H. Futscher,
  • Marta D. Rossell,
  • M. Saiful Islam,
  • Maksym Yarema,
  • Yaroslav E. Romanyuk

摘要

Transition-metal fluorides (TMFs) are attracting attention as alternative lithium-ion battery cathodes, primarily focusing on Fe-based systems. Here, we report chromium as a previously unexplored transition metal (TM) for TMF cathodes in rechargeable lithium batteries. Utilizing a thin-film solid-state platform, we mitigate the common shortcomings of TMF cathodes, such as sluggish kinetics and electrolyte incompatibility. Coevaporation of Cr and LiF produces a heterogeneous thin film of Cr-LiF with a 1.1:2 stoichiometric ratio, delivering an initial capacity of 435 mAh/g and an energy density of 0.71 Wh/g at a C/10 cycling rate. Experimental measurements and first-principles calculations identify CrF2 as the dominant delithiated phase. The cathode maintains a capacity of 208 mAh/g at both 1C and 5C discharge rates after 1500 cycles. Compared to Fe-LiF (FeF2) analogs, Cr-LiF demonstrates a higher rate capability with 0.255 Wh/g at 3.80 W/g. This work introduces chromium fluorides as a new high-energy conversion cathode, expanding the options of viable positive electrode materials for next-generation batteries.