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<p>Physical unclonable function (PUF) tags generated through stochastic processes yield unique identifiers, providing secure anti-counterfeiting mechanisms for product authentication and tracking. The widespread use of PUF tags also poses environmental concerns, not only during fabrication but also upon disposal. Here, we present biobased optical materials to produce PUF tags with dual security levels by a simple and biobased process. These tags exploit the unique properties of 5CB liquid crystal, which self-assembles with ionic liquids to spontaneously form droplets within a gelatin matrix. Comprising 80% of biodegradable materials, the optical tags provide a PUF system with high encoding capacity, long-term stability, and robustness. The dynamic and unique gas-responsive properties of the optical droplets deliver dual security levels, enhanced by tamper-evident and temperature-monitoring features. Authenticity verification is straightforward via optical microscopy and can integrate AI-driven image recognition, offering superior security and tracking. This combination of high PUF security with a biobased and low-cost approach makes the system appealing across diverse markets.</p>

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Random and unpredictable optical textures in biobased self-assembled ionogels for dynamic anti-counterfeiting tags

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Susana I. C. J. Palma,
  • Efthymia Ramou,
  • Ana C. A. Roque

摘要

Physical unclonable function (PUF) tags generated through stochastic processes yield unique identifiers, providing secure anti-counterfeiting mechanisms for product authentication and tracking. The widespread use of PUF tags also poses environmental concerns, not only during fabrication but also upon disposal. Here, we present biobased optical materials to produce PUF tags with dual security levels by a simple and biobased process. These tags exploit the unique properties of 5CB liquid crystal, which self-assembles with ionic liquids to spontaneously form droplets within a gelatin matrix. Comprising 80% of biodegradable materials, the optical tags provide a PUF system with high encoding capacity, long-term stability, and robustness. The dynamic and unique gas-responsive properties of the optical droplets deliver dual security levels, enhanced by tamper-evident and temperature-monitoring features. Authenticity verification is straightforward via optical microscopy and can integrate AI-driven image recognition, offering superior security and tracking. This combination of high PUF security with a biobased and low-cost approach makes the system appealing across diverse markets.