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<p>Exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes (T1D) during pregnancy provides relative protection against T1D in the offspring. This protective effect may be driven by epigenetic mechanisms. Here we conducted an epigenome-wide blood analysis on 790 young children with and 962 children without a T1D-affected mother, and identified differential DNA methylation (<i>q</i> &lt; 0.05) at multiple loci and regions. These included the Homeobox A gene cluster and 15 T1D susceptibility genes. The differential methylation was found in transcriptionally relevant regions associated with immune function, including sites previously linked to T1D-related methylation loci and protein biomarkers. Propensity scores for methylation at T1D susceptibility loci could predict the development of islet autoimmunity in offspring born to mothers without T1D. Together, these findings highlight pathways through which maternal T1D may confer protection against islet autoimmunity in offspring and suggest that environmental factors can influence T1D risk through epigenetic modifications of T1D susceptibility loci.</p>

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Blood methylome signatures in children exposed to maternal type 1 diabetes are linked to protection against islet autoimmunity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Raffael Ott,
  • Jose Zapardiel-Gonzalo,
  • Peter Kreitmaier,
  • Kristina Casteels,
  • Angela Hommel,
  • Olga Kordonouri,
  • Helena Elding Larsson,
  • Agnieszka Szypowska,
  • Manu Vatish,
  • Eleftheria Zeggini,
  • Annette Knopff,
  • Christiane Winkler,
  • Anette-G. Ziegler,
  • Ezio Bonifacio,
  • Sandra Hummel

摘要

Exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes (T1D) during pregnancy provides relative protection against T1D in the offspring. This protective effect may be driven by epigenetic mechanisms. Here we conducted an epigenome-wide blood analysis on 790 young children with and 962 children without a T1D-affected mother, and identified differential DNA methylation (q < 0.05) at multiple loci and regions. These included the Homeobox A gene cluster and 15 T1D susceptibility genes. The differential methylation was found in transcriptionally relevant regions associated with immune function, including sites previously linked to T1D-related methylation loci and protein biomarkers. Propensity scores for methylation at T1D susceptibility loci could predict the development of islet autoimmunity in offspring born to mothers without T1D. Together, these findings highlight pathways through which maternal T1D may confer protection against islet autoimmunity in offspring and suggest that environmental factors can influence T1D risk through epigenetic modifications of T1D susceptibility loci.