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<p>Polar metals with non-centrosymmetric structures have attracted considerable attention; however, realizing and controlling macroscopic polarization remain major challenges because of strong electronic screening. Here, we propose that spin-mediated magneto-electro-elastic coupling in self-intercalated metals can effectively suppress screening, as the polarization is driven by short-range exchange striction and electron transport is further impeded by spin ordering. We verify this mechanism using first-principles calculations on the quasi-two-dimensional metal Cr<sub>1.2</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>. Under out-of-plane uniaxial strain, Cr<sub>1.2</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> undergoes a transition from the ferromagnetic to the antiferromagnetic phase, driven by the emergence of direct Cr–Cr exchange interactions. In the antiferromagnetic phase, the up-up-down-down spin order along the Cr chains induces out-of-plane polarization via exchange-striction and simultaneously suppresses inter-sublattice electron hopping along the out-of-plane direction, yielding a macroscopic polarization of 0.021 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>. Our work elucidates a design mechanism for polar metals based on magneto-electro-elastic coupling and opens opportunities for developing energy-efficient, high-speed spintronic devices.</p>

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Reversible macroscopic polarization in self-intercalated metals via spin-mediated magneto-electro-elastic coupling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Shunwei Yao,
  • Jian Yuan,
  • Chao Liang,
  • Yilimiranmu Rouzhahong,
  • Yuchong Kang,
  • Junyi Yang,
  • Lin Peng,
  • Jia Lin,
  • Ping Miao,
  • Huashan Li

摘要

Polar metals with non-centrosymmetric structures have attracted considerable attention; however, realizing and controlling macroscopic polarization remain major challenges because of strong electronic screening. Here, we propose that spin-mediated magneto-electro-elastic coupling in self-intercalated metals can effectively suppress screening, as the polarization is driven by short-range exchange striction and electron transport is further impeded by spin ordering. We verify this mechanism using first-principles calculations on the quasi-two-dimensional metal Cr1.2Te2. Under out-of-plane uniaxial strain, Cr1.2Te2 undergoes a transition from the ferromagnetic to the antiferromagnetic phase, driven by the emergence of direct Cr–Cr exchange interactions. In the antiferromagnetic phase, the up-up-down-down spin order along the Cr chains induces out-of-plane polarization via exchange-striction and simultaneously suppresses inter-sublattice electron hopping along the out-of-plane direction, yielding a macroscopic polarization of 0.021 μC/cm2. Our work elucidates a design mechanism for polar metals based on magneto-electro-elastic coupling and opens opportunities for developing energy-efficient, high-speed spintronic devices.