<p>Room-temperature magnetic semiconductors are crucial for next-generation spintronics, yet remain hindered by low Curie temperatures and volatile control mechanisms. Using density functional theory, we report Cr<sub>2</sub>NiSe<sub>4</sub>, a bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) formed by Ni intercalation in bilayer CrSe<sub>2</sub>, with a Curie temperature of 495 K and a 0.40 eV band gap. We demonstrate nonvolatile control over carrier spin polarization in Al<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> heterostructures via ferroelectric switching: reversing the polarization of monolayer Al<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> induces a BMS-to-half-metal transition, whereas bilayer Al<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> enables half-metallic states with fully opposite spin polarization. This nonvolatile mechanism obviates the need for a continuous electric field and lowers energy consumption through interfacial charge transfer driven by ferroelectric band alignment. We propose a multiferroic memory device where ferroelectric polarization controls writing and spin-dependent conductance enables reading, enabling low-power, room-temperature operation. Our work establishes a feasible pathway for developing electrically tunable spintronics beyond the limits of Moore’s Law.</p>

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Nonvolatile ferroelectric switching of room-temperature bipolar magnetic semiconductors for energy-efficient spintronics

  • Jia-Wen Li,
  • Gang Su,
  • Bo Gu

摘要

Room-temperature magnetic semiconductors are crucial for next-generation spintronics, yet remain hindered by low Curie temperatures and volatile control mechanisms. Using density functional theory, we report Cr2NiSe4, a bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) formed by Ni intercalation in bilayer CrSe2, with a Curie temperature of 495 K and a 0.40 eV band gap. We demonstrate nonvolatile control over carrier spin polarization in Al2Se3 heterostructures via ferroelectric switching: reversing the polarization of monolayer Al2Se3 induces a BMS-to-half-metal transition, whereas bilayer Al2Se3 enables half-metallic states with fully opposite spin polarization. This nonvolatile mechanism obviates the need for a continuous electric field and lowers energy consumption through interfacial charge transfer driven by ferroelectric band alignment. We propose a multiferroic memory device where ferroelectric polarization controls writing and spin-dependent conductance enables reading, enabling low-power, room-temperature operation. Our work establishes a feasible pathway for developing electrically tunable spintronics beyond the limits of Moore’s Law.