Mapping out the interplay between surfactant induced forces in thin liquid films
摘要
Understanding microscopic thin-film stability is key to macroscopic stability in foams, emulsions, lung surfactants, wetting/dewetting, and microfluidics. However, the interplay of stresses in thin films remains unclear. Here, we experimentally investigate the evolution of Marangoni stresses and disjoining pressure in surfactant-stabilized air/liquid films. Using a thin-film balance and comparing charged and uncharged fluorescent lipids, we directly observe surfactant concentration gradients at the film interface, revealing pronounced asymmetry and highly localized convective flows. The results suggest an interplay between Marangoni stresses and local disjoining pressure. Specifically, a local decrease in surfactant concentration not only induces lateral stresses but also weakens the local increase in disjoining pressure as film thickness decreases. This interplay redistributes stresses, with more stable regions reinforcing weaker ones. Localized unstable flows ultimately prolong film lifetimes by dissipating stresses.