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<p>Efficient free-space-to-fiber coupling of cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) is critical for long-haul communication and network node access with mode-division multiplexing. Current direct coupling suffers from mode-order-dependent divergence yielding mode-field mismatch and inadequate beam ring-radius adjustment causing interface misalignment, constraining coupling efficiency, crosstalk suppression, and dynamic adaptability. Here, we introduce a twisted moiré transformation solution that develops ring radius-adjustable perfect CVBs using paired meta-devices for efficient dynamic free-space-to-fiber coupling. Incorporating the axicon-modulated Fourier transformation with in-plane twisted moiré operation, this approach not only suppresses divergent beam expansion in multiplexed CVBs, but also enables rotation-controlled continuous tuning of beam ring radii (0.0955−0.7430 mm) for optimal fiber-core dimension matching, achieving ~80.7% higher coupling efficiency and ~2.75 dB greater crosstalk suppression versus conventional direct coupling. Demonstrated with 14.1 Tbit s<sup>−1</sup> quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal transmission over 282-channel multi-dimensional multiplexing, our findings represent a substantial advance toward practical CVB-based communications and transformative integrated free-space-to-fiber optical networks.</p><p></p>

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Efficient dynamic free-space-to-fiber coupling of cylindrical vector beams via twisted moiré meta-devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月20日

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  • Junmin Liu,
  • Zhibin Wu,
  • Qingji Zeng,
  • Bowei Zhang,
  • Jiafu Chen,
  • Jiangnan Xiao,
  • Huapeng Ye,
  • Yu Chen,
  • Jun Liu,
  • Xinxing Zhou,
  • Dianyuan Fan,
  • Shuqing Chen

摘要

Efficient free-space-to-fiber coupling of cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) is critical for long-haul communication and network node access with mode-division multiplexing. Current direct coupling suffers from mode-order-dependent divergence yielding mode-field mismatch and inadequate beam ring-radius adjustment causing interface misalignment, constraining coupling efficiency, crosstalk suppression, and dynamic adaptability. Here, we introduce a twisted moiré transformation solution that develops ring radius-adjustable perfect CVBs using paired meta-devices for efficient dynamic free-space-to-fiber coupling. Incorporating the axicon-modulated Fourier transformation with in-plane twisted moiré operation, this approach not only suppresses divergent beam expansion in multiplexed CVBs, but also enables rotation-controlled continuous tuning of beam ring radii (0.0955−0.7430 mm) for optimal fiber-core dimension matching, achieving ~80.7% higher coupling efficiency and ~2.75 dB greater crosstalk suppression versus conventional direct coupling. Demonstrated with 14.1 Tbit s−1 quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal transmission over 282-channel multi-dimensional multiplexing, our findings represent a substantial advance toward practical CVB-based communications and transformative integrated free-space-to-fiber optical networks.