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<p>The utilization of terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy in femtosecond photoexcited spintronic heterostructures has emerged as a versatile tool for investigating ultrafast spin-transport in a non-contact and non-invasive manner. However, the investigation of ultrafast orbital-transport is still in the primitive stage. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the orbital-to-charge current conversion in Co/Zr/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructures. Our experimental results indicate a photoinduced orbital current (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">J</Emphasis><sub><i>L</i></sub>) from Co propagating through Zr layer with a long-distance ballistic transport and a velocity of ~<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42005_2025_2016_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="30" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.27\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>0.27</mn> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>± <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42005_2025_2016_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="84" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.02 \, {{\rm{nm}}} \, {{{\rm{fs}}}}^{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>0.02</mn> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">nm</mi> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">fs</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. On the one hand, we demonstrate a critical pump fluence required to overcome the collisions in orbital transport, enabling a swifter flow of <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">J</Emphasis><sub><i>L</i></sub>. On the other hand, a critical temperature is observed, below which the orbital transport is impeded. Finally, we observe a nearly 2.95-fold enhancement in the THz emission due to an additional conversion of the spin-to-orbital current conversion from a 1 nm thick W-insertion layer between Co and Zr layers. Our results pave the way for designing promising opto-spin-orbitronic devices and THz emitters.</p>

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Generation and manipulation of light-induced orbital transport in Co/Zr/Al2O3 heterostructure probed with ultrafast terahertz emission

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月24日

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  • Haoran Xu,
  • Yuhe Yang,
  • Zuanming Jin,
  • Ping Wang,
  • Zheng Feng,
  • Ting Wang,
  • Wensi Yue,
  • Cheng Chen,
  • Feng Chen,
  • Yiming Zhu,
  • Yan Peng,
  • Delin Zhang,
  • Yong Jiang,
  • Songlin Zhuang

摘要

The utilization of terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy in femtosecond photoexcited spintronic heterostructures has emerged as a versatile tool for investigating ultrafast spin-transport in a non-contact and non-invasive manner. However, the investigation of ultrafast orbital-transport is still in the primitive stage. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the orbital-to-charge current conversion in Co/Zr/Al2O3 heterostructures. Our experimental results indicate a photoinduced orbital current (JL) from Co propagating through Zr layer with a long-distance ballistic transport and a velocity of ~ \(0.27\) 0.27 ± \(0.02 \, {{\rm{nm}}} \, {{{\rm{fs}}}}^{-1}\) 0.02 nm fs − 1 . On the one hand, we demonstrate a critical pump fluence required to overcome the collisions in orbital transport, enabling a swifter flow of JL. On the other hand, a critical temperature is observed, below which the orbital transport is impeded. Finally, we observe a nearly 2.95-fold enhancement in the THz emission due to an additional conversion of the spin-to-orbital current conversion from a 1 nm thick W-insertion layer between Co and Zr layers. Our results pave the way for designing promising opto-spin-orbitronic devices and THz emitters.