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<p>Ni@C catalysts modified with ZrO<sub>2</sub> (denoted as NiZr@C) were synthesized and evaluated for the liquid‑phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to γ‑butyrolactone. Characterization by XRD, TEM, XPS, H<sub>2</sub>‑TPD, ICP-OES, and <i>in‑situ</i> FTIR revealed that there is a strong metal–support interaction between Ni and ZrO<sub>2</sub> with the introduction of ZrO<sub>2</sub>. During reduction procedure, with the reduction of Ni species, partial ZrO<sub>2</sub> was reduced resulting in the formation of abundant surface oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface. These vacancies act synergistically with activated hydrogen species, leading to a significant enhancement in both C = C hydrogenation and C = O hydrogenolysis activities. The NiZr@C catalyst with a Zr/Ni molar ratio of 2/10 exhibits optimal performance, achieving complete maleic anhydride conversion (100%) with 97.54% γ‑butyrolactone selectivity at 210 °C and 4.5 MPa H<sub>2</sub>, and maintains stable activity over 13 consecutive cycles without obvious deactivation, demonstrating great potential for industrial practical application.</p>

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ZrO2-enhanced Ni@C catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to γ-butyrolactone

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Shuowen Guo,
  • Yanyang Yao,
  • Wei Wei,
  • Jiannan Lv,
  • Dongjie Zhang,
  • Weixun Wang,
  • Yin Zhang,
  • Haitao Li

摘要

Ni@C catalysts modified with ZrO2 (denoted as NiZr@C) were synthesized and evaluated for the liquid‑phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to γ‑butyrolactone. Characterization by XRD, TEM, XPS, H2‑TPD, ICP-OES, and in‑situ FTIR revealed that there is a strong metal–support interaction between Ni and ZrO2 with the introduction of ZrO2. During reduction procedure, with the reduction of Ni species, partial ZrO2 was reduced resulting in the formation of abundant surface oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface. These vacancies act synergistically with activated hydrogen species, leading to a significant enhancement in both C = C hydrogenation and C = O hydrogenolysis activities. The NiZr@C catalyst with a Zr/Ni molar ratio of 2/10 exhibits optimal performance, achieving complete maleic anhydride conversion (100%) with 97.54% γ‑butyrolactone selectivity at 210 °C and 4.5 MPa H2, and maintains stable activity over 13 consecutive cycles without obvious deactivation, demonstrating great potential for industrial practical application.