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<p>Recent studies demonstrated that the predacious fungi <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> emits a mixture of volatile chemical cues that function to attract nematode prey. The strong attraction elicited by one of the mixture components, methyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (MMB), was highly female- and hermaphrodite-specific within several <i>Caenorhabditis</i> species, including <i>C. remanei</i> and <i>C. elegans</i>, suggesting that MMB might function as a mimic of an endogenous, male-produced, volatile sex pheromone (VSP) within these species. Here, we report evidence that MMB is produced by <i>C. remanei</i> males at levels that are attractive to <i>C. remanei</i> females and <i>C. elegans</i> hermaphrodites. Notably, MMB production was not detected for <i>C. elegans</i> males; a finding which correlates with behavioral assays for which worm-conditioned media (WCM) prepared from <i>C. remanei</i>, but not from <i>C. elegans</i> adult males is strongly attractive to both <i>C. remanei</i> females and <i>C. elegans</i> hermaphrodites. Our findings establish MMB as the first chemically identified VSP in nematodes and show that <i>A. oligospora</i> exploits a dual strategy of chemical deception—mimicry and eavesdropping—to enhance prey capture.</p>

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A male-derived volatile sex pheromone in Caenorhabditis nematodes identified through its mimicry by a predator

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Matthew R. Gronquist,
  • Xuan Wan,
  • Daniel Leighton,
  • Yuki Togawa,
  • Marika Sagawa,
  • Paul W. Sternberg,
  • Frank C. Schroeder,
  • Ryoji Shinya

摘要

Recent studies demonstrated that the predacious fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora emits a mixture of volatile chemical cues that function to attract nematode prey. The strong attraction elicited by one of the mixture components, methyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (MMB), was highly female- and hermaphrodite-specific within several Caenorhabditis species, including C. remanei and C. elegans, suggesting that MMB might function as a mimic of an endogenous, male-produced, volatile sex pheromone (VSP) within these species. Here, we report evidence that MMB is produced by C. remanei males at levels that are attractive to C. remanei females and C. elegans hermaphrodites. Notably, MMB production was not detected for C. elegans males; a finding which correlates with behavioral assays for which worm-conditioned media (WCM) prepared from C. remanei, but not from C. elegans adult males is strongly attractive to both C. remanei females and C. elegans hermaphrodites. Our findings establish MMB as the first chemically identified VSP in nematodes and show that A. oligospora exploits a dual strategy of chemical deception—mimicry and eavesdropping—to enhance prey capture.